适于时变幅值分析的直升机黏弹减摆器模型

针对现有适于宽幅值范围的黏弹减摆器模型一般含有动幅值参量,不便用于幅值变化的直升机旋翼/机体耦合动稳定性时域分析的问题,给出了小摆振阻尼比时,黏弹减摆器在单频及双频条件下动幅值参量的计算方法,运用该方法计算系统在收敛、中性稳定及发散3种情况下的幅值曲线,较好地反映了响应幅值在时域上的变化趋势。将改进的黏弹减摆器模型用于直升机地面共振非线性时域分析,为准确获取旋翼摆振后退型响应,给出了所需桨叶激振力矩的计算方法,在不同转速不同复模量状态下,采用该方法确定的激振力矩对桨叶进行激振激出的响应幅值与预期值误差不超过6%。对摆振后退型响应进行分析可知,系统稳定时,与线性化结果相比,计入黏弹减摆器非线性后,旋翼摆振后退型响应衰减更快,其模态阻尼在时域上呈增加趋势。      

凸肩结构对叶片的干摩擦减振研究——理论方法

提出了一套求解带凸肩结构叶片非线性响应的时频转换方法。该方法应用数值轨迹跟踪法计算凸肩复杂接触面内的非线性摩擦力,并将其与频域内的谐波平衡法、动柔度法相结合求解带凸肩结构叶片的非线性响应,方法能够考虑叶片高阶振型以及响应高次谐波的影响,为带凸肩叶片的设计及故障诊断奠定了理论基础。      

挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器-转子系统的振动特性试验

 磁流变(MR)弹性体是一种由铁磁颗粒和橡胶或凝胶混合而成的磁流变固体材料,其明显优点是颗粒不会随时间而沉降,也不需要密封装置。研制了一种自定心挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器,并测试了支承在该阻尼器上的柔性转子系统的不平衡响应特性。试验发现,随着磁场强度增加,磁流变弹性体阻尼器的阻尼和刚度明显增大;转子系统的一阶临界转速明显提高,二阶临界振动可被抑制。采用开关控制能抑制转子通过两阶临界转速过程中的振动。研究表明,挤压式磁流变弹性体阻尼器能用于转子振动主动控制,并具有结构简单、性能稳定、控振效果明显等特点。     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

空间黏附爬行机器人足端预压力优化与控制

基于仿生干黏附材料的空间足式爬行机器人可附着于航天器外表面并代替宇航员完成舱外巡检、维护等工作,是无人自主化在轨服务与维护的有效途径。为保证足式爬行机器人与航天器的稳定附着,本文针对空间爬行机器人足端在与航天器接触时预压力对黏附稳定性影响的问题,提出一种足端预压力优化与控制方法。首先结合仿生黏附材料特性,建立黏附材料在预压阶段和黏附阶段的稳定性约束;其次在稳定性约束下基于二次规划方法优化足端力,保证预压力足够的同时减小对其他足的脱附力;最后通过基于环境刚度辨识的导纳控制实现优化后的力分配。结果表明：基于环境刚度辨识的导纳控制可实现预压力的柔顺控制,优化后的预压力可减小对其他黏附足的法向脱附力的影响,保证黏附爬行稳定性。     

Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

Hypersonic shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction in a sharp cone/flare model

A direct numerical simulation of hypersonic Shock wave and Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction(STBLI) at Mach 6.0 on a sharp 7° half-angle circular cone/flare configuration at zero angle of attack is performed. The flare angle is 34° and the momentum thickness Reynolds number based on the incoming turbulent boundary layer on the sharp circular cone is Re_θ = 2506. It is found that the mean flow is separated and the separation bubble occurring near the corner exhibits unsteadiness. The Reynolds analogy factor changes dramatically across the interaction, and varies between 1.06 and 1.27 in the downstream region, while the QP85 scaling factor has a nearly constant value of 0.5 across the interaction. The evolution of the reattached boundary layer is characterized in terms of the mean profiles, the Reynolds stress components, the anisotropy tensor and the turbulence kinetic energy. It is argued that the recovery is incomplete and the near-wall asymptotic behavior does not occur for the hypersonic interaction. In addition, mean skin friction decomposition in an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer is carried out for the first time. Downstream of the interaction, the contributions of transverse curvature and body divergence are negligible, whereas the positive contribution associated with the turbulence kinetic energy production and the negative spatial-growth contribution are dominant. Based on scale decomposition, the positive contribution is further divided into terms with different spanwise length scales. The negative contribution is analyzed by comparing the convective term, the streamwise-heterogeneity term and the pressure gradient term.     

高温环境下角接触球轴承磨损寿命分析

针对高温环境下轴承材料性质和润滑状态变化，造成轴承磨损加剧，过早丧失精度的问题。首先开展高温环境下轴承用材料的摩擦磨损试验，获取材料的磨损系数。在此基础上，考虑温度、润滑、轴承材料属性等对轴承磨损性能的影响，建立高温角接触球轴承磨损模型，通过数值求解探讨工况参数和结构参数等对轴承磨损性能的影响，并评估轴承的磨损寿命。结果表明：对于高温轴承材料无磁合金GH05，在高温300 ℃摩擦状态下平均磨损系数为2.5×10^-7 mm²/N；随着载荷、转速、温度的增加，轴承内、外滚道的磨损率均不断增大，其中内圈磨损率大于外圈，内圈磨损特性决定着轴承的磨损寿命；载荷和转速是决定轴承磨损寿命的主要因素，轴承主结构参数对磨损寿命具有重要影响，通过结构优化可提高轴承磨损寿命。     

冲击/周期载荷作用下分布式调谐质量阻尼器对响应控制的影响

本文研究了采用分布式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对悬臂梁进行振动抑制的问题.首先建立了安装N个TMD的悬臂梁的动力学方程;然后通过有限单元法离散偏微分方程,使用Newmark-β法进行含TMD的悬臂梁动响应求解;最后基于数值计算模型,分别研究周期荷载与冲击荷载作用下,梁振动控制的效果.研究表明:TMD可以有效抑制悬臂梁振动...