仿生减阻翼型的气动性能

利用一种基于滑移边界理论的仿生肋条结构的模化方法,对仿生减阻翼型的气动性能开展了数值模拟研究。结果显示:肋条结构同时布置在翼型压力面和吸力面湍流区域时,仿生减阻翼型的阻力可降低1.73%~3.07%,升阻比可提高2.10%~4.08%,其中黏性阻力的减小是总阻力下降的主要原因。对流场分析表明,仿生减阻翼型的速度曲线出现一定抬升,使得湍流边界层中的黏性子层增厚,进而导致了仿生减阻翼型气动性能的提升。      

转子叶栅非同步振荡发声特性研究

轴流压气机转子叶片排振荡疲劳失效是常见的气动弹性失稳问题。当转子叶栅处于非同步振荡状态下时,压气机管道内部将伴随着异常噪声的产生,这类噪声的频率既不是分布在叶片通过频率及其谐波上,也不是分布在转子轴频率及其谐波上,同时也不满足简单多普勒效应。为了解释这种异常噪声现象,以三维升力面理论为基础,讨论叶片对其附近流体施加非定常载荷的发声问题,给出了转子叶栅振荡异常发声问题的物理解释,建立了声场频率及模态特性与转子声源特性的直接关系式,并给出了频率特性不同于叶片通过频率且不符合简单多普勒效应的完整解释。在此基础上,通过机理性实验研究证实了该模型的正确性。实验结果表明,理论预测声场的频率和周向模态特性与实验结果完全一致。     

网络图中边集束优化问题

网络规模增大和复杂度提高造成的节点遮挡覆盖和边交叉阻塞等问题成为网络可视化研究的热点.针对网络中出现的视觉凌乱问题,以空间位置和群组关系为出发点,从网络中独立的边和群组两个层次,以边汇合的角度研究边集束技术,将网络中临近的边集聚成束以降低视觉复杂度,提出和改进了分段力导引算法(FDA)简化模型和群组边相容的网络图边集束模型.其中分段集束模型,提出以二次样条曲线表示网络边,通过样条控制点进行迭代汇聚的方法,实现了网络中边的集束;针对分段集束模型中部分连线过度弯曲问题,提出通过CNM聚类算法将网络进行群组划分,在群组结构的基础上对组内连线应用边相容原则,根据连线的匹配系数计算其集束程度的方法,网络图集束后曲线扭曲变形减少,曲线过渡更加平滑.选取国内航空网络作为案例,通过两种边集束模型进行网络图简化,分析结果表明,国内机场的群组结构具有地理属性的相近性,航空网络在整体上呈现出明显的十字脉络,东西走向和南北走向的航线分别汇聚集结成束,表现了航空网络建设在南北和东西方向的总体趋势.本集束简化算法适用性广,绘制的网络图具有良好的视觉效果和可读性.      

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

双后掠鸭翼气动特性的数值模拟

首先针对具有中等前缘后掠角梯形鸭翼的缺点提出双后掠鸭翼概念,然后分别对安装梯形鸭翼和双后掠鸭翼的近距耦合鸭式布局的气动性能进行数值模拟研究,分析影响双后掠鸭翼气动性能的流动机理。研究表明：在大迎角时,对于双后掠鸭翼,具有较大前缘后掠角的外翼段可以使鸭翼涡在涡核破裂后仍能形成稳定集中涡并保持较高的强度,增加鸭翼本身的失速迎角,并通过诱导作用改善机翼外翼段流场,进而提高全机大迎角性能,但在小迎角时会破坏鸭翼附着流或前缘气泡涡的发展,造成略微的升力损失。拥有较大失速迎角的双后掠鸭翼在小迎角时具有较大的可用偏度,可以增强布局的抬头控制能力。双后掠鸭翼在满足隐身约束的前提下,超声速阻力较小,具有较好的超声速性能。     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

亚声速翼身融合无人机概念外形参数优化

为了兼顾翼身融合（BWB）布局无人机（UAV）的气动、隐身和结构重量要求,应用优化方法研究了某亚声速翼身融合无人机概念方案的外形设计问题。外形优化设计流程包括全机参数化几何外形模型、气动分析、机翼根部弯矩计算、雷达散射截面（RCS）分析、代理模型的建立和外形参数优化计算。选择了三种不同优化目标研究翼身融合无人机外形优化问题：①未配平状态升阻比最大;②配平状态升阻比最大;③配平状态升阻比尽量大和机翼弯矩尽量小。通过优化结果的对比分析,揭示了配平约束和机翼弯矩目标对优化设计结果的影响。研究结果表明：计入配平约束能够有效提高配平升阻比;将配平状态升阻比尽量大和机翼根部弯矩尽量小作为优化目标能够获得合理的优化外形。     

壁面吊挂清洗机器人碰壁缓冲问题研究

从机器人自动上壁及缓冲的需求出发,分析了机器人拉力形成的机理、碰壁的原因和过程.利用空气动力学原理,给出了拉力的计算方法,采用机器人物理样机进行实验,对计算结果进行了验证.在拉力的作用下机器人与壁面贴合,同时伴随碰撞,其间冲击能量的吸收由机器人裙边和支撑机构所构成的缓冲装置承担.前者还要保证机器人贴壁后的密封,因此刚度不宜过大,后者还要保证机器人在壁面上稳定行走,因此它的刚度又不宜过小.给出了缓冲装置刚度的确定方法及其在裙边和支撑机构上的分配准则,可用于工程分析.     

轴向通流旋转盘腔内流动不稳定性研究

为了研究旋转腔内流动不稳定性问题,采用旋转坐标系稳态方程,用数值模拟的方法分析了轴向通流旋转盘腔内的流动,得到了旋转系下哥氏力和离心浮升力分别对流动不稳定的作用,以及这两个力的非线性综合作用对流动不稳定的影响.结果表明:哥氏力是恢复力,不影响流动稳定性;离心浮升力是造成流动不稳定的主要因素,盘腔内的流动是离心力场下的Rayleigh-Benard对流和强迫对流的混合流,随着浮升力的增强流动由稳态发展为非稳态;哥氏力与离心浮升力的综合作用加剧了流动不稳定性,盘腔内r-θ面出现了明显的旋向相反的对涡.