Comparison of Diurnal,Seasonal and Solar Cycle Variations of High-latitude,Mid-latitude and Low-latitude Ionosphere

Comparison of regular (diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle) variations of high-latitude,mid-latitude and low-latitude ionospheric characteristics has been provided on basis of local empirical models of the peak electron density and the peak height. The local empirical models were derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 digisondes located at Norilsk (69°N, 88°E), Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) and Hainan (19°N, 109°E) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The technique used to build the local empirical model is described. The primary focus is diurnal-seasonal behavior under low solar activity and its change with increasing solar activity. Both common and specific features of the high-latitude (Norilsk), mid-latitude (Irkutsk) and low-latitude (Hainan) regular variations were revealed using their local empirical models.      

硅化物涂层对铌钨合金的热防护行为研究

钨合金作为轨姿控液体火箭发动机推力室身部的主要结构材料,在工作环境中易发生氧化粉化,必须在合金表面涂覆高温抗氧化涂层。利用涂覆及真空烧结复合工艺在铌钨合金表面制备高温抗氧化涂层,研究硅化物涂层对铌钨合金的热防护行为,包括涂层成型过程、高温抗氧化行为、高温抗热震行为及试车热冲刷行为等,试验结果为:涂层在1700℃下的氧化寿命为11±0.78 h,1800℃下的氧化寿命为5±0.46 h,1650℃~室温的水冷热震循环次数为124±9次,1600~800℃下的空冷热震循环次数为3410±124次,并且在热试车考核中涂层通过了长程10000 s的考核,分析硅化物涂层的性能和失效机制,总结了硅化物涂层的热防护机理,研究的新型硅化物涂层在高温条件下具有较好的性能。     

Experimental,analytical and numerical investigation on tensile behavior of twisted fiber yarns

Stitched composite materials are emerging as a promising material due to their high interlaminar strength, combined performance and light weight. The mechanical properties of stitch yarns are very essential for stitched composite structures. In this study, the tensile behaviors of the twisted fiber yarn in stitched composites were investigated experimentally, analytically and numerically. Two kinds of cross-sectional area of twisted yarn are proposed and discussed. The paper presents an intersecting circle model to describe the cross-section of twisted fiber yarns, and a physics-based theoretical model to predict the effective tensile moduli. The numerical models take into account the cross-sectional characteristic and the twist architecture. The investigation shows that: the sum of each fiber area should be used for experimental analysis; and the cross-sectional area surrounded by the yarn profile should be used for theoretical predictions and finite element (FE) simulations. The relative errors of the prediction method and the FE simulation are less than 2% and 1%, respectively. The friction between the fibers is derived, and the effect of friction on mechanical properties is discussed. The investigation method will serve as a fundamental component of twisted fiber bundle/yarn analysis.     

Transient thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons at float conditions

The prediction of the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons under varying environmental conditions is one of the key issues in the design and flight test of balloons. In this paper, a three-dimensional transient thermal model is developed to predict the thermal behavior of spherical stratospheric balloons. The diurnal variations of the skin and lifting gas temperatures at float conditions are discussed in detail. The further studies on the thermal behavior of stratospheric balloons are presented also.     

浅析歼八飞机机体结构设计的四个问题

对歼八飞机结构设计中出现的4个难点问题（机翼四梁接头耳片、原型机腹鳍、减速板、机尾罩尾尖）做一探讨性浅析。     

滑行段低温推进剂流动及换热特性对气枕压力的影响研究

运载火箭在飞行过程中需要进行姿态调整以满足入轨要求,贮箱内推进剂在外界干扰力的作用下将发生晃动,由此引入了诸如气液接触面积、蒸发、冷凝过程及推进剂流动变化等不确定影响因素。实际飞行过程尤其是进入滑行段的初始推进剂晃动对贮箱内气枕压力及推进剂流动行为具有重要影响。在调研国内外运载火箭末级飞行过程中低温贮箱压力及推进剂流动特性的基础上,建立仿真模型,采用流体体积函数方法(VOF)分析滑行段推进剂流动特性变化对贮箱气枕压力的影响。     

归一化参数蠕变模型的程序实现与验证

为了准确模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,在通用有限元程序环境下,利用其提供的用户可编程特性工具,将所发展的一种能完整描述蠕变3个阶段变形特征的归一化参数模型编制成用户子程序.考查了子程序计算结果与试验数据的差异、时间步长对计算结果的影响,并对不同规模有限元模型的计算耗时作了对比分析.针对变载(应力、温度)情形,在子程序中实现了时间硬化理论和应变硬化理论,并提出的介于两者之间的相对时间硬化理论.对带孔平板进行了实例计算,表明所发展的模型能够与有限元结果对实际结构进行蠕变模拟,计算结果的规律说明所发展的方法可较好地模拟实际构件的蠕变行为和应力松弛效应,验证了子程序的有效性.      

层合陶瓷基复合材料多尺度应力-应变计算模型

对层合陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)的应力-应变行为进行了研究。基于多尺度分析方法,实现了由组分性能参数到层合陶瓷基复合材料整体应力-应变的计算。采用可实现单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变计算的细观力学模型,由材料的细观组分性能计算出单向板的非线性弹性性能,并将单向板的弹性性能作为层合复合材料模型的输入参数,通过有限元法计算层合陶瓷基复合材料的整体应力-应变响应。与试验数据的对比表明:采用该模型可以实现层合陶瓷基复合材料在单调拉伸载荷及拉伸加卸载条件下应力-应变曲线的预测,其中数据的最大偏离为19.61%.      

涡轮盘用IN718合金的高温低周疲劳及其裂纹扩展特性

研究了IN718合金在360℃、550℃和650℃下的低周疲劳行为及疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN,包括循环应力-应变行为、Massing效应、低周疲劳寿命的能量表达以及疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并讨论了保持时间对da/dN的影响。实验结果表明,该合金在各种温度下表现出循环软化,在本文所试温度下具有Massing特性,其塑性应变能与疲劳寿命在双对数坐标中呈现出很好的线性关系,其da/dN随温度的升高而增大,在650℃下保持时间对da/dN的影响很明显,而550℃时则很轻微。     

Crashworthiness uncertainty analysis of typical civil aircraft based on Box–Behnken method

The crashworthiness is an important design factor of civil aircraft related with the safety of occupant during impact accident. It is a highly nonlinear transient dynamic problem and may be greatly influenced by the uncertainty factors. Crashworthiness uncertainty analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of initial conditions, structural dimensions and material properties. Simplified finite element model is built based on the geometrical model and basic physics phenomenon. Box–Behnken sampling and response surface methods are adopted to obtain gradient information.Results show that the proposed methods are effective for crashworthiness uncertainty analysis.Yield stress, frame thickness, impact velocity and angle have great influence on the failure behavior,and yield stress and frame thickness dominate the uncertainty of internal energy. Failure strain and tangent modulus have the smallest influence on the initial peak acceleration, and gradients of mean acceleration increase because the appearance of material plastic deformation and element failure.