基于能量原理的直升机系留载荷计算

针对直升机系留系统,基于虚功原理推导了机体刚体位移的方程组。应用Newton-Raphson迭代法可求解机体在外载作用下的刚体位移,从而求得系留索和系留接头的载荷。与有限元方法相比,此方法便于处理索具的预紧力和起落架的初始压缩,计算精度也符合工程应用的要求。     

Possible interstellar anions: CnS and CnO (n = 2–8)

The geometries, electron affinities and/or electron detachment energies for the C_nS and C_nO (n = 2–8) molecules and their anions were calculated by using the RCCSD (T) method. The C_nS⁻ (even n = 4, 6, and 8) and C_nO⁻ (even n = 6 and 8) anions are found to be substantially more stable than their corresponding neutral species. Several anions are potentially detectable as interstellar molecules.     

燃料电池无人机混合电源动态平衡能量管理策略

飞机电推进的动力系统趋于混合能源形式的发展方向，不同类型的源具有不同的特性，混合能源协调工作的方式可以提高动力系统的性能。本文所研究的飞机电推进系统的能源形式为燃料电池和锂电池所做成的混合能源。针对无人机动力系统工况的特殊性，本文在基于规则的能量管理策略研究基础上，提出了一种基于燃料电池氢气消耗的动态平衡能量管理策略，使燃料电池和辅助电源的能量消耗处于相对平衡的状态，避免了其中一种电源能量先耗尽的情况，可以满足多种工况的变化，提高了混合电源的能量利用率和稳定性，保证了无人机动力系统的可靠性。通过仿真分析结果证明了可行性，最后设计了能量管理系统的硬件并进行了实验验证，通过对实验结果计算分析验证了该能量管理策略的可行性。     

Data Grids and High Energy Physics: A Melbourne Perspective

The University of Melbourne, Experimental Particle Physics group recognises that the future of computing is an important issue for the scientific community. It is in the nature of research for the questions posed to become more complex, requiring larger computing resources for each generation of experiment. As institutes and universities around the world increasingly pool their resources and work together to solve these questions, the need arises for more sophisticated computing techniques. One such technique, grid computing, is under investigation by many institutes across many disciplines and is the focus of much development in the computing community. ‘The Grid’, as it is commonly named, is heralded as the future of computing for research, education, and industry alike. This paper will introduce the basic concepts of grid technologies including the Globus toolkit and data grids as of July 2002. It will highlight the challenges faced in developing appropriate resource brokers and schedulers, and will look at the future of grids within high energy physics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一种含风电-电池储能的多场景输电网规划方法

以可再生新能源(如风电、光伏)及化学电池为载体的电源系统已为航天器及电动机等用电客户提供了一种有效供电方式。针对风电的不确定性以及电池储能系统功率双向流动特性,尤其是风电的波动性与间歇性对输电网规划的影响,采用多场景概率法以风电场的风速数据作为划分依据,以风机的切入风速、切出风速以及额定风速的组合区间作为划分区间,利用Monte Carlo方法来计算场景概率,以输电网规划建设成本与过负荷费用最低为目标函数,设计了一种含风电-电池储能的输电网扩展规划模型,并采用遗传算法对规划模型进行求解。最后,以Garver-6节点系统为仿真算例,验证所设计规划方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,接入储能系统后,其输电网规划适应度很小(约为900),可提高系统经济效益。     

基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计

为了在平流层飞艇推进系统高效率和轻质量需求的矛盾之中取得平衡,提出基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法。利用试验设计和代理模型技术分别建立了高空电动机、螺旋桨的主要设计参数与其效率和质量的代理模型。建立了包含太阳能电池和储能电池的飞艇能源系统质量计算模型。以整系统能量平衡和推阻平衡为约束,以推进与能源系统总质量最小为目标,借助多岛遗传算法构建了飞艇推进系统优化设计数学模型。对某型平流层飞艇推进系统进行了优化设计,结果表明:优化后的推进系统效率提升了23%,推进与能源系统总质量降低了340 kg,验证了该平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法的可行性和应用价值。     

民用飞机机身段适坠性数值仿真分析

在飞机紧急迫降过程中,首先要保证碰撞后乘客在客舱区域有足够的逃生空间,其次基于结构强度和撞击持续时间,要确保传递给乘客的加速度和冲击载荷必须降低到人体损伤容限以下。对飞机机身部分结构进行了有限元建模,模拟了其从4.27 m的高度开始坠落,产生9.14 m/s的垂直冲击速度,整个分析过程使用ABAQUS/Explicit计算完成。对机身碰撞后的整体变形展开研究,如机身选定位置的加速度时间历程以及关键结构部件的能量吸收历程,最后确定机身隔框对冲击过程中的能量吸收起着最重要的作用,其次为蒙皮和客舱地板梁。在机身结构的右侧(本文的方向为飞行员视角,与读者看到的方向左右相反)有货舱门和门框,由于机身结构的不对称性,造成左右两侧的速度和加速度不一致。     

双模态超燃冲压发动机对隔离段性能的需求分析

为研究双模态超燃冲压发动机的燃烧室一隔离段共同工作过程,分析不同模态下燃烧室对隔离段的性能需求,在基于集总参数方程的超燃冲压发动机性能计算模型的基础上,提出计算燃烧室一隔离段流量平衡的临界能量法,并编制相应的计算程序,实现双模态超燃冲压发动机各种模态的隔离段和燃烧室的流量平衡计算,计算在不同的模态下隔离段和燃烧室的一维流动参数,进而获得隔离段的性能需求,计算飞行马赫数4．0到7．0时的临近堵塞边界的最大供油量与隔离段最大激波链长度。结果表明：临界能量法正确有效,能完成燃烧室一隔离段流量匹配计算;高飞行马赫数下的堵塞模态的隔离段激波链长度较长,应作为隔离段的工程设计中所参考的重要因素。     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

生产用汽凝水回收存在问题及解决方法

工业生产中经常用饱和蒸汽作为加热介质,其凝结水在回收过程中由于温度高而产生二次汽化,难以回收,造成热能和高品质水的浪费。针对这种现象提出合理、实用的解决方法,深度利用蒸汽的热能,降低凝结水的温度,使凝水更容易回收,减少热能损失,避免环境污染。