惯性/里程计组合导航技术在管道定位中的应用

石油天然气管道担负着油气传输的重任, 定期对传输管道检测能使其安 全、高效地运行。为此设计了管道导航定位系统,用于对管道探伤位置的精确定位。管 道导航定位系统主要由激光捷联惯性导航系统与里程计组成,搭载在管道检测设备中。 通过测量、存储检测过程中的传感器信息,在检测结束后离线处理数据,得到管道导航 定位信息。通过对惯性/里程计分别进行误差分析与建模, 搭建了组合导航系统卡尔曼 滤波器模型, 进行了跑车试验与实际管道定位试验。试验结果表明该惯性/里程计组合 导航管道定位精度满足管道高精度定位要求。     

小波分析在GPS卫星故障检测中的应用

目前基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的残差卡方检测法已在接收机自主进行GPS卫星故障检测方面得到广泛应用,但该方法存在依赖系统数学模型、检验延迟等问题。文章提出一种基于小波分析的GPS卫星故障检测法,利用小波分析在时频域表现出良好的细节处理特性,将GPS接收机的可测数据即伪距观测数据和位置定位数据作为处理对象,进行多尺度下的分析,通过识别异常点来判断故障的发生。仿真结果表明,该方法具有高效灵敏、简洁直观、易于工程实现等特性,有助于保证导航系统的可靠性和稳定性。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无电流传感器预测控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)因过电压、过电流及误操作等容易造成电流传感器故障,影响PMSM的控制精度的问题,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的PMSM无电流传感器预测控制算法。对于PMSM,通常需要两个电流传感器来采集定子电流信息,所提方法通过扩展卡尔曼滤波估计定子电流代替电流传感器。通过基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的PMSM无电流传感器预测控制算法与常规有电流传感器在线变速和变载仿真对比得到,所提方法具有和有电流传感器相同的控制性能。参数鲁棒性仿真表明,所提方法具有较强的参数鲁棒性,能够满足实际控制需要。     

Rapid and robust initialization for monocular visual inertial navigation within multi-state Kalman filter

Sensor-fusion based navigation attracts significant attentions for its robustness and accuracy in various applications. To achieve a versatile and efficient state estimation both indoor and outdoor, this paper presents an improved monocular visual inertial navigation architecture within the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF). In addition, to alleviate the initialization demands by appending enough stable poses in MSCKF, a rapid and robust Initialization MSCKF (I-MSCKF) navigation method is proposed in the paper. Based on the trifocal tensor and sigma-point filter, the initialization of the integrated navigation can be accomplished within three consecutive visual frames. Thus, the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the navigation performance when suffered from shocks at the initial stage. Moreover, the sigma-point filter is applied at initial stage to improve the accuracy for state estimation. The state vector generated at initial stage from the proposed method is consistent with MSCKF, and thus a seamless transition can be achieved between the initialization and the subsequent navigation in I-MSCKF. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the robustness and accuracy for monocular visual inertial navigations.     

基于强跟踪UPF的重力梯度辅助定位方法

针对重力梯度辅助定位中,存在重力梯度的强非线性分布及系统模型偏差等问题,将STUPF引入匹配定位过程。该方法根据残差信息实时调节系统状态跟踪能力,有效应对模型偏差对定位的影响。基于真实INS数据的仿真实验结果表明,STUPF可达到较好的定位效果,且与标准PF、GPF算法相比,其在定位的精度、稳定性及运算量上具有一定优势。     

修正容积卡尔曼滤波数据域直接定位算法

为解决数据域直接定位（DPD）算法面临的计算压力,提高算法效率,提出一种基于修正的容积卡尔曼滤波（MCKF）的DPD算法。首先,融合各观测信号波达方向信息,利用子空间数据融合方法建立一种基于间接观测量的DPD滤波模型;然后,根据模型特点设计MCKF算法进行求解,解决间接观测量带来的噪声累积问题;最后,对算法计算量进行分析和对比,说明计算效率的提升。仿真结果表明,所提算法与基于最大似然遍历搜索和遗传算法的DPD算法相比,在相同的估计性能下,计算量下降明显,时效性显著提升,增加了算法实用价值。     

Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

电负性气体等离子体推力器研究进展

目前广泛应用的电推力器中,大多采用加速单一正离子的方式来获得推力和相应比冲。该加速方式需要增设中和器,对喷射出的正离子进行中和以保持羽流电中性,否则将导致航天器自充电,对其通信和电子器件造成损害,并减弱加速场。为了简化系统结构,延长推力器寿命,提出了一种能够交替加速正、负离子来获得推力的电负性气体等离子体推力器。分析了该推力器的工作原理和加速过程,指明了包括电负性气体种类选取、电子过滤装置设计要求、如何施加周期性栅极偏置电压加速正、负离子以及合理诊断离子数密度等关键技术,为后续研究工作提供了参考。