Storm-time formation of a relativistic electron belt and some relevant phenomena in other magnetospheric plasma domains

An empirical formula relating the strength of a storm given by its |Dst|_max with the L-coordinate of the peak of storm-injected relativistic electrons is one of a few well-confirmed quantitative relations found in the magneto-spheric physics. We successively extended a dataset of the formula’s basic storms with several events of high Dst-amplitude up to the highest observed |Dst|_max = 600 nT. Possible applying of the formula to the predicting of the ring-current plasma-pressure distribution and the lowest westward electrojet position for a storm are discussed. We have also analyzed the 2000–2001 years’ data on relativistic electrons from our instruments installed on EXPRESS-A (geosynchronous orbit; E_e = 0.8–6 MeV), Molniya-3 (h = 500 × 40 000 km, i = 63°; E_e = 0.8–5.5 MeV) and GLONASS (h = 20 000 km, i = 64°; E_e  l MeV) along with other correlated measurements: GOES series (E_e > 2 MeV), geomagnetic indices (Dst, AE, AL) and interplanetary parameters (solar wind, IMF). The goal is to investigate which outer conditions are most responsible for the high/low output of the storm-injected relativistic electrons. For the geosynchronous orbit, two factors are found as the necessary condition of the highest electron output: high and long-lasting substorm activity on a storm recovery phase and high velocity of solar wind. On the contrary, extremely low substorm activity surely observed during whole the storm recovery phase constitutes a sufficient condition of the non-increased after-storm electron intensity. For the first time found cases of the increased after-storm electron intensity observed at the inner L-shells with no simultaneously seen increase in the geosynchronous distances are presented.     

mA级恒流源逆向建模高准确度测量

通过对I/V -ADC过程的逆向建模 ,补偿了I/V -ADC过程的非线性和受温度等环境因素影响产生的测量误差 ,提高了对高准确度恒流源的测量准确度。建模过程简单 ,易于实现。     

Numerical study of magnetic reconnection possibly occurring near heliospheric current sheet

The third-order accurate upwind compact difference scheme has been applied for the numerical study of the magnetic reconnection driven by a plasma blob impacting the heliospheric current sheet, under the framework of the two-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics. The results show that the driven reconnection near the current sheet could occur in about 10–30 min for the interplanetary high magnetic Reynolds number, R_M = 2000–10,000, a stable magnetic reconnection structure can be formed in hour order of magnitude, and there appear some basic properties such as the multiple X-line reconnections, vortex structures, filament current systems, splitting and collapse of the high-density plasma blob. These results are helpful in understanding and identifying the magnetic reconnection phenomena possibly occurring near the heliospheric current sheets.     

零电流零电压开关PWM Boost全桥变换器

提出一种新颖的零电流零电压开关PWM Boost全桥变换器。超前管串联电感，并利用输出滤波电容的能量，可以在很宽的负载范围内实现ZCS。滞后管利用其寄生电容和与变压器原边并联的辅助电感，可以在任何负载下实现ZVS。与ZCS PWM Boost全桥变换器相比，所提出的变换器没有电流占空比丢失的问题。本文详细分析了该变换器的工作原理，参数设计原则。通过一个480W的原理样机，验证了分析结果。     

采用抗积分器卷绕改进高增益PI控制器的性能

研究了饱和非线性对采用Ｓａｌｆｏｒｄ奇异摄动法设计的高增益（快采样）误差驱动ＰＩ控制器的影响，在分析了使系统性能降低的原因后，提出了抗积分器卷绕方案，以ＡＦＴＩ／Ｆ－１６直接力控制系统为例，说明了该方法是可行和有效的。     

稀土永磁方波无刷直流电动机调速系统的实验研究

稀土永磁方波无刷直流电动机是静止功率变换器和电机设计相结合的产物，本文分析了稀土永磁方波无刷直流电动机的控制性能，指出它具有电机磁定向控制简化为磁极位置控制的特点，从而控制简单又提高控制性能，为此在稀土永磁方波无刷直流电动机调速系统中，采用了两态稳频电流调节器，ＰＷＭ电子换向器，电流分时反馈等具有特色的线路设计，实验结果表明，该调速系统体现了静止功率变换器与电机配合运行的特点，验证了稀土永磁方波无     

矩形栅格波导阵列单元的阵中特性

根据等效原理,用矩量法(MOM)导出求解仅激励中心单元条件下矩形栅格开口波导阵列各单元口面等效磁流的模型,在此基础上给出了激励单元的内部场、耦合场、反射系数、驻波系数,激励波导与阵中其他波导的耦合系数,以及远区场等阵中特性的计算公式。在不同工作频率下计算了一7单元×7单元开口波导矩形栅格阵中激励单元的等效磁流和阵中方向图,以及激励单元与阵中其他单元的耦合系数。研究表明:互耦对单元的阵中特性影响明显,阵中驻波系数明显大于孤立单元,单元间的耦合随工作频率增大而减弱。     

Distribution of electric current in solar plasma loops

The distributing profile of electric current in solar plasma loop is a key factor for the MHD instabilities of the loops. However, it is very difficult to measure such profile in single loop. In this paper, we assume that, in spite of the complexity of the structure in most of the sunspots, the distribution of the electric current in some small simple sunspots may reflect the main feature of the distribution in solar plasma loops. We utilize the high-cadence, high-resolution vector magnetograms observed by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) to derive the longitudinal electric current and analyze the distribution of the longitudinal electric current in the region of sunspots, and simulate the distributing features of the solar plasma loops. From these analysis, we find that the electric current in some small simple sunspots, or to say in plasma loops, are concentrated to their center. Such distribution feature is consistent with the theory of pinch effect in current-carrying plasma loops.     

增减材复合制造内部缺陷的涡流检测

涡流检测（ECT）技术具有非接触、无需耦合剂、检测灵敏等特点，适用于加工环境较为特殊的增减材复合制造（ASHM）中。本文建立了无缺陷半无限大试样内部涡流分布的解析模型，开展了预制人工缺陷的钛合金增材试样检测实验，研究了ECT深度与激励频率、提离量之间的关系。理论分析与实验结果均表明，内部缺陷较深时，低激励频率条件下缺陷产生的电抗增量信号较大，不同提离量下的电抗增量信号相差不大，因此检测位置较深的内部缺陷时可采用较低的激励频率并适当提高提离量。在本文实验条件下，ECT最佳激励频率为90 kHz；提离量增加到0.97 mm时，有效检测深度略有减小。这一结论可为ECT技术与ASHM的集成提供理论依据。     

Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on the Quality of K417 Superalloy Ingots

The effect of electromagnetic stirring on the inner quality of K417 superalloy ingots is studied with EPMA and optical microscope.The results show that while an electromagnetic stirring with 50Hz frequency and 80A current is imposed,the equiax crystals of K417 superalloy ingots can be effectively refined and increased,and the central shrinkage porosity and the dendritic segregation of K417 superalloy ingots are greatly reduced,so the inner quality of K417 superalloy ingots is obviously improved.