Locating Current Sheets in the Solar Corona

Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection. Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres. We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations. The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona.     

飞机电动机过热研究

首先从飞机防火角度，用对称分量法分析了航空电机在不对称电源下的发热情况，推导了发热电流的公式，以此作为数学模型，解释缺相时电机很快烧毁的物理现象。最后提出了防止航空三相电动机过热与起火的方法，包括采用电机在线状态监控、主动维护、增加有效的保护装置等。     

一种新型电涡流位置传感器

分析了现有位置传感器存在的问题,简要介绍了电涡流位置传感器的测量原理、性能优势和推广应用.     

Effects of space weather on high-latitude ground systems

Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in technological systems, such as power grids, pipelines, cables and railways, are a ground manifestation of space weather. The first GIC observations were already made in early telegraph equipment more than 150 years ago. In power networks, GIC may saturate transformers with possible harmful consequences extending even to a collapse of the whole system or to permanent damage of transformers. In pipelines, GIC and the associated pipe-to-soil voltages may enhance corrosion or disturb surveys associated with corrosion control. GIC are driven by the geoelectric field induced by a geomagnetic variation at the Earth’s surface. The electric and magnetic fields are primarily produced by ionospheric currents and secondarily affected by the ground conductivity. Of great importance is the auroral electrojet with other rapidly varying currents indicating that GIC are a particular high-latitude problem. In this paper, we summarize the GIC research done in Finland during about 25 years, and discuss the calculation of GIC in a given network. Special attention is paid to modelling a power system. It is shown that, when considering GIC at a site, it is usually sufficient to take account for a smaller grid in the vicinity of the particular site. Modelling GIC also provides a basis for developing forecasting and warning methods of GIC.     

平板湍流转捩过程中Λ涡和环状涡的周围流场研究

采用高精度湍流直接数值模拟技术,对平板流动转捩过程中的涡系结构,尤其是Λ涡和环状涡附近的流场进行了详细的研究.高分辨率的数值模拟给出了实验手段无法得到的全流场信息,以及雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程方法(RANS)无法给出的精细涡结构信息.数值模拟在精确捕捉Λ涡和环状涡等转捩过程中典型涡系结构、上喷和下扫等典型流动现象的同时,发现了一些与传统认识所不同的现象:1)Λ涡并不是当地涡量集中的地方;2)环状涡的附近存在一个速度显著大于远场来流速度的区域.这些现象对传统湍流转捩理论提出了挑战,并引发人们对湍流生成与维持机理的进一步研究.     

单恒流源电流频率转换技术研究

本文设计了一种单恒流源电流频率转换电路,使电路的功耗减小一半,更加小型化,并且具有更好的对称性和精度.提出并从原理上论证了这种单恒流源I/F技术的理论依据,设计出相应的硬件电路,验证其原理的正确性和工程上的可行性.为单恒流源I/F技术的研发,拓展了思路,奠定了基础.     

高超声速湍流直接数值模拟技术

概述了近年来国内外高超声速湍流直接数值模拟(DNS)技术方面最新的研究进展,主要集中在高精度、高鲁棒性数值方法方面,同时也介绍了近年来典型的高超声速湍流DNS算例。在数值方法方面,主要介绍了高精度激波捕捉格式以及保持计算稳定的数值技术,重点是WENO格式及高阶保单调格式的最新进展。在高超声速湍流DNS算例方面,介绍了压缩性影响、壁温影响、真实气体效应以及高超声速转捩等方面的DNS研究。此外,还简要介绍了作者开发的可压缩高精度计算流体力学软件OpenCFD。     

基于HILBERT变换的航空发动机转速测量研究

精确测量的航空发动机转速信号是航空发动机控制系统及故障诊断的重要依据。首先介绍了目前常用的航空发动机转速信号的测量方法-直接测频法并对该方法误差进行了分析;其次根据航空发动机工作时的转速变化特性,详细描述了通过Hilbert变换求取瞬时频率来测量转速的方法,并对该方法的端点效应问题进行了处理;最后通过仿真发动机一个转速上升过程,计算得出瞬时频率(转速)及误差大小。结果表明,该方法对航空发动机转速测量可行。     

通用型直升机直接使用成本估算模型

研究一种可以在直升机总体方案设计阶段进行直接使用成本估算的方法.通过对通用型直升机样本数据资料的整理和回归分析,得到了用燃油消耗率和直接维护保障耗时率来衡量和估算直接使用成本大小的新方法,建立了通用型直升机直接使用成本的估算和比较模型,为通用型直升机总体设计阶段直接使用成本的评估提供了参考依据.     

V/I电路在航空发动机电子控制器上的应用

在航空发动机控制系统中,存在着大量直流驱动负载,如力矩马达、电液伺服阀等。高精度,高稳定性的直流驱动电路对发动机控制系统的性能有着至关重要的影响。针对以往采用分立元器件设计的电路,精度较低,电路设计复杂,采用集成元器件设计直流驱动电路,提高了系统精度,简化了电路设计,同时降低了设备的重量和体积。