测点布局对航空发动机总压畸变指数的影响

为了阐明测点布局对航空发动机进气总压畸变测试结果的影响,利用旋转总压测量耙对5种畸变流场的稳态和动态总压畸变成分进行了测试,计算了旋转总压测量耙位于不同位置时畸变流场的稳态周向总压畸变指数和动态总压畸变指数,分析了不同测点布局下总压畸变指数计算结果的偏差。结果表明：测量耙/测点与畸变流场的相对周向位置对总压畸变指数计算结果的准确性至关重要,对于所分析的5种畸变流场,增加测量耙/测点周向数目并不能使总压畸变指数计算结果的偏差单调减小,但可降低其对测量耙/测点周向位置的敏感度。基于畸变区域周向分布设计稳态总压畸变测量耙的周向位置,组合使用不同相对半径处测点对动态总压畸变进行监测,可提高总压畸变指数计算结果的准确性。     

无导叶对转涡轮三维流场数值分析

1引言近年来,研究者在1 1/2对转涡轮设计方法、对转涡轮实验台、实验件的设计加工以及对转涡轮的数值模拟方面进行了大量的工作[1~8]。在1 1/2对转涡轮中,一方面由于两转子对转使叶排相对转速大幅增大,约为传统涡轮的两倍;另一方面,高压动叶在结构上与传统的渐缩式流道涡轮叶栅     

提高教学质量和学生竞争力——论数控技术专业教学内容和课程体系改革

当今社会,数控技术是制造业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础;本文阐述了在学院高职数控技术专业学生各项技能培养的教学改革实践中,加强“双师型”师资队伍的建设,重视教、学、做一体化的实训训练体系,从而提升数控技术高职专业教学改革的实际成效。     

Ansys在镀锌锅空间温度场分析中的应用

利用Ansys对镀锌锅上方空间的温度场进行模拟。在模拟过程中,利用Ansys软件中的FlotranCFD模块建立模型,计算锌锅上方空间的流场和温度场分布情况,分析温度的主要影响因素,为热镀锌生产线的工程设计提供了理论依据。此方法也为温度分析提供了一种新的思路。     

利用ABAQUS软件进行航空机轮刹车热分析

飞机着陆过程中的动能主要被刹车机轮吸收,从而导致机轮温度升高。使用C/C复合材料热库后,这种情况更加明显。过高的温度对机轮及相关件的强度和工作性能将产生严重损害,容易造成刹车起火、爆胎,甚至引起灾难性事故。热分析的目的在于优化设计,为减热防热提供理论指导。传统的热分析手段仅能完成对体容温度的评估,不能定量给出机轮零部件的温度历程,成为机轮设计的薄弱环节。利用ABAQUS软件,可方便地完成刹车机轮的热分析。结果表明,热量施加方式对计算结果影响很小,而薄膜系数选取有很大影响。在所给的条件下,刹车后大约13 s,刹车盘局部达到最高温度约为983℃。计算结果与实测温度曲线变化趋势基本一致。     

Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

New index of long-term variations of galactic cosmic ray intensity

We find that the soft rigidity spectrum of the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity variations for the maximum epoch and the hard rigidity spectrum for the minimum epoch calculated based on the neutron monitors experimental data (1960–2002) are related with the various dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the GCR particle’s rigidity for different epoch of solar activity. This dependence is stronger in the maximum epoch than in the minimum epoch of solar activity, and is provided by the essential temporal rearrangements of the structure of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) turbulence from the maxima to minima epoch of solar activity. We also show that the rigidity spectrum of GCR intensity variations is harder for the effective rigidities ∼(10–15) GV (by neutron monitors data), than for the effective rigidities ∼(25–30) GV (by neutron monitors and muon telescopes data). A general scenario of GCR modulation versus solar activity is settled on the essential temporal rearrangements of the structure of the IMF turbulence. Therefore, the temporal changes of the power law rigidity spectrum exponent can be considered as a vital (new) index to explain the 11-year variations of the GCR intensity. We assume that ∼(70–80)% of the changes of the amplitudes of the 11-year variations of GCR intensity is related with the changes of the IMF turbulence versus solar activity.     

Whistler waves in plasmas with time-varying magnetic field: Laboratory investigation

Modulation of whistler waves in a plasma with time-dependant magnetic field perturbations was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed on large “Krot” device, which was specially designed to study space plasma physics phenomena. It is shown that magnetic field variations on the wave propagation path can lead to splitting of initially continuous whistler wave into the sequence of bursts, whose repetition rate corresponds to magnetic field perturbation period. The frequency inside each burst is changing from its front edge to the back edge. Relative shift of the wave frequency can be as large as the relative magnetic disturbance. Distortion of whistler wave frequency spectrum after its passing through magnetically disturbed areas can be used as a diagnostics for low-frequency magnetic field variations. The applicability of our laboratory results to space plasma is discussed.     

利用相位多普勒分析仪对饱和器冷态液相的实验研究

HAT循环关键部件增湿饱和器内是典型的气液两相流动,而液相水滴在饱和器内的平均粒径、平均速度和平均温度分布对饱和器内的传热和传质增湿起很重要作用。利用相位多普勒分析仪DualPDA(Phase Doppler Ana-lyzer)对冷态饱和器内流场的液相进行了大量详细的实验研究,同时利用基于虚拟仪器技术(VI)开发的程序和热电偶测量了炮和器内流场液相的温度分布。     

带伞空降风洞试验中稳定伞的模拟研究

为了更加真实地模拟空降初期过程,在国内率先对带伞空降风洞试验中稳定伞的模拟方法进行研究,包括稳定伞相似参数的确定、阻力系数的模拟。主要讨论一种在伞模型末端系配重并进行自由落体试验的方法来测量伞阻力系数,并通过在伞顶开孔来调整伞阻力系数,最后采用调整后的伞模型进行风洞试验验证。结果表明:该方法可精确测量伞阻力系数,改变伞顶孔大小能有效调整伞阻力系数,且伞顶开孔可使稳定伞的下落过程更稳定;试验结果符合真实空降时近机身复杂绕流运动流场特性,与空降视频中空降轨迹发展规律相一致,表明所论述的稳定伞模拟技术是可行的。