Consequences of the application of the streamer fluid model to the study of the sprite inception mechanism

We present the results of a streamer-fluid model used to investigate the electrodynamical coupling between the troposphere and upper atmosphere due to the penetration of lightning electric fields into the mesosphere and the lower ionosphere, generating sprites. The model solves the continuity equation for electrons and ions coupled to Poisson equation. The dominant physical response of the atmosphere is the formation of a screening-ionization wave. The wave shields the atmosphere above it from the action of the lightning field and, together with the conductivity reduction below it due to attachment, the wave amplifies the total field below it, allowing for the penetration of intense electric fields in the mesosphere as it propagates downwards into regions of higher density that compress the wave. This is the key physical mechanism for sprite inception. We evaluated the effects of the thundercloud charge geometry, lightning current waveshape, atmospheric conductivity, via different electron density profiles, and the effect of ionization, attachment and electron mobility coefficients in the electrical breakdown process, related to halo production, and sprite streamer initiation. The results showed that electrons with higher mobility are more efficient in shielding the lightning electric field before breakdown, causing delay, and they contribute to the formation of the streamer seed after breakdown, anticipating the sprite streamer inception. Similarly, a higher effective ionization rate, produced by modifications in the attachment and ionization coefficients, anticipates sprite inception. The simulations with 6 different electron density profiles, and therefore conductivities, spanning 4 orders of magnitude, showed that the altitude of breakdown and sprite initiation, as well as their time delays from the lightning discharge are directly related to atmospheric conductivity: higher conductivities produce halo and sprite inception at lower altitudes with longer delays and may hinder sprite formation. We document that variations of 30 times in the lightning current leads to sprite initiation altitudes in the range 66.0–73.5 km, with delays between 1.550 and 34.500 ms, while variations of 4 orders of magnitude in the conductivity profile lead to initiation altitudes 61.0–70.6 km, with delays in the range 3.825–9.825 ms. Consequently, we suggest that lightning characteristics dominate over atmospheric parameters in determining sprites’ initiation altitude and delay. The simulation of a −CG, with a constant current of 30 kA, did not produce a sprite seed, confirming an asymmetry in the response of the atmosphere to positive and negative lightning. This is due to the free electron drift direction that is away from the screening ionization wave, preventing the formation of the streamer seed for the great majority of −CGs. The same does not apply to halos, which depend on the occurrence of breakdown and can be produced by discharges of both polarities.     

Satellite formation reconfiguration and station-keeping using state-dependent Riccati equation technique

The current paper presents optimal reconfigurations and formation-keeping for formation flying satellites. The state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique is utilized as a non-linear controller for both the reconfiguration problem and formation-keeping problem. For the SDRE controller, a state-dependent coefficient (SDC) form is formulated to include non-linearities in the relative dynamics and J₂ orbital perturbation. The Taylor series and a transformation matrix are used to establish the SDC form. Optimal reconfiguration trajectories that minimize energy in satellite formation flying are obtained by the SDRE controller and compared with those obtained from a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and a linear parameter varying (LPV) control method. It is illustrated that the SDRE non-linear controller of the current study obtains relocation accuracy of less than 0.1% of formation base-line length, while the LQR controller and LPV controller yield relatively large relocation errors. The formation-keeping controller developed using the SDRE technique in the current study also provides robustness under severe orbital perturbations.     

基于节点电压增量方程的电路故障子网络诊断

基于节点电压增量方程的电路故障诊断方法通常用来诊断线性电路中的元器件级的故障情况.本文将其推广应用于诊断大规模线性模拟电路中子网络级故障以简化测前仿真,提高诊断效率.     

超塑成型/扩散连接钛合金气动面表面沟槽对其强刚度的影响分析

超塑成形/扩散连接是一种先进的钛合金制造技术,采用该技术,4层结构的钛合金产品表面存在沟槽问题,对某气动面表面沟槽的成因和对强刚度的影响进行了浅析,评估了表面沟槽对该产品强刚度的影响水平.     

基于兰彻斯特方程的战斗机超视距空战隐身效能分析

随着军事科技的进步,超视距空战逐步成为了现代与未来空战的主要战斗方式.而隐身技术作为提高战斗机空战能力的主要手段之一,正被各国所关注.本文通过分析基于影响图的兰彻斯特微分方程,对战斗机在超视距空战中的隐身效能进行了分析.最后给出算例,计算了不同RCS下的战斗机超视距空战交换比,从而分析了战斗机RCS对战场走势的影响.     

基于N-S方程的直升机旋翼翼型反设计方法

为了在实际旋翼翼型设计中考虑粘性影响,采用N-S方程为主控方程,建立了旋翼翼型流场求解方法。使用以Poisson方程为控制方程的网格生成程序生成围绕旋翼翼型的N-S粘性贴体网格,该网格生成程序能在反设计迭代过程中自动更新过渡翼型的粘性网格。在翼型流场计算及网格生成基础上,采用了MGM方程作为翼型反设计方程,建立了一套能够考虑粘性影响的直升机旋翼翼型的反设计方法。应用该方法,分别对二维NACA系列翼型、OA系列翼型、超临界翼型进行了反设计分析,获得了满足要求的二维旋翼翼型,并与目标值(压力分布、升力系数、阻力系数、力矩系数)吻合良好。     

基于流形学习的涡轮泵海量数据异常识别算法

为了获取海量试车数据中的信息以分析涡轮泵的健康状态,提出一种基于流形学习的海量数据异常识别算法.该算法将反映涡轮泵状态的振动数据重构到高维空间中,利用扩散映射方法直接对其进行学习,提取出数据内在的低维流形特征,以可视化的方式直观地识别出涡轮泵数据中的异常状态.仿真与试车数据验证结果表明了所提算法的可行性和有效性.该算法克服了传统方法解决非线性问题不足的缺点,为试车后涡轮泵的健康分析提供了一条新的途径.     

中热值合成气扩散燃烧速度特性的实验研究

针对CH4和中热值合成气的旋流燃烧室进行了PIV测量,获得了不同燃料燃烧对火焰流场变化的影响。实验结果表明：在相同入口条件下,合成气燃烧时的火焰张角略大,回流区宽度和回流强度均高于CH4火焰,燃气流量较低时,合成气火焰的湍流强度更大,燃气流量增大后,CH4的燃烧脉动速度逐渐增大并超过合成气。     

粉末锻造钢12Cr2Ni4A和18Cr2Ni4WA的组织与性能

讨论了粉末锻造钢１２Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ和１８Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４ＷＡ的组织与性能。氧含量低于０．２％，碳含量为０．０８～０．１２％的粉末锻造钢１２Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ和碳含量为０．１１～０．１６％的粉末锻造钢１８Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４ＷＡ有较好的力学性能。长时间扩散退火可有效地提高粉末锻造钢的韧性。     

Excitation of electrostatic plasma waves by a moving charged source in a quantum plasma

Within a quantum hydrodynamic model and using the reductive perturbation technique, the nonlinear ion-acoustic wave (IAW) excitations due to a moving charged object in an electron-pair-ion quantum plasma are studied both analytically and numerically. In such quantum plasmas we have derived forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) type equation for finite amplitude nonlinear IAWs. The effect of relevant plasma parameters on solitonic excitations is investigated. Numerical simulation shows the generation of advancing solitons ahead of the forcing term traveling at a faster rate with trailing wakes behind the forcing disturbance. It is found that propagation characteristics of nonlinear excitations are significantly affected by quantum parameter. Additionally, we have pursued our analysis by extending it to account for arbitrary amplitude IA solitons, and derived a system of nonlinear differential equations which are analyzed numerically to study the dynamics. Nonlinear analysis predicts the existence of periodic and quasiperiodic nature of the nonlinear system and reveals that the transition from quasiperiodic to periodic behavior occurs due to the variation of quantum diffraction.