复合包渗法制备铌合金表面硅化物涂层

采用复合包渗法在C103铌合金基体上制备硅化物涂层,进行1500℃静态氧化实验,室温～1500℃热震实验,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等检测手段对涂层氧化前后的组织结构进行观察,分析涂层形成机理、硅化时间对涂层组织结构的影响以及涂层氧化前后组织形貌的变化.研究表明,复合包渗法制备硅化物涂层主要是通过扩散反应形成的;涂层是以MoSi2相为主体层的多相复合结构;在高温氧化环境下,涂层表面生成熔融态非晶玻璃膜,有效阻止了氧向内进一步扩散,涂层抗静态氧化及抗热震性能良好.     

Tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap hybrid bonded/bolted joint

Hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joint has been widely used in engineering practice because it can overcome the potential weakness of pure bonded and pure bolted joints. However, studies on HBB joint are still at the initial stage. In this paper, tensile properties of a composite–metal single-lap HBB joint was investigated experimentally. And a detailed finite element model (FEM) was established to simulate the tensile behavior of the joint. The model was verified by the experimental results. Then the damage propagation and load transfer mechanism were explored based on the FEM. The results show that the HBB joint can provide multi-load transmission paths and resist damage propagation in the adhesive. The HBB joint has higher strength and energy absorption capacity than the pure bonded joint. And the HBB joint has greater initial damage load and tensile stiffness than pure bolted joint. Adhesive fillets can obviously improve the tensile performances of the HBB joint. Lateral stiffness of the joint boundary and testing machine show obvious effects on tensile performances of single-lap hybrid joints.     

钛合金喷注器扩散钎焊失效分析与改进研究

某次试车中发动机喷注器出现扩散钎焊失效故障,根据失效焊缝的扫描电镜断口观察、X射线光电子能谱和金相分析结果对喷注器焊接结构、工艺参数等进行了改进研究。仿真、试件试验和热试车结果表明,改进后喷注器扩散钎焊强度和一致性明显提高。     

Seasonal variations in vertical distribution of meteor decay time as observed from meteor radars at 8.5°N and 80°N

The decay times of meteor radar echoes have been used for decades to investigate characteristics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. As the meteor echo decay time depends on background atmospheric parameters, in the present communication, we examine the seasonal variation of the vertical distributions of underdense meteor echo decay times with respect to echo strength. Observations from two similar radars located at two distinct geographical locations, Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E) and Eureka (80°N, 85.8°W) were used for the present study. Here, the radar received signal power is categorized into strong and weak echoes and vertical profiles of their decay times are constructed. It has been noticed that the monthly mean decay time vertical profile turning altitude (i.e., inflection point) varies in the range of 80–87?km of altitude depending on latitude. The turning altitude is observed at relatively lower heights in the winter than in summer at both the latitudes. The present analysis shows that the meteor decay time below the mean turning altitude follows a decreasing trend with decreasing altitude, which is quite distinct to the behaviour of ambipolar diffusion. It is also observed that there is a difference in mean decay time of strong and weak echoes below 90?km of altitude, which is very prominently seen at lower altitudes. This difference shows a seasonal pattern at high latitude, but does not show any seasonal variation at low latitude. The present results are discussed in light of current understanding of the meteor decay time.     

铅铟扩散层常见质量问题分析

通过对引发铅铟扩散层出现质量问题的原因进行分析，制定了相应的防范措施，对防止铅铟扩散层发黑、出现颗粒状镀层、扩散层脱落等现象的发生有较好的指导作用。     

多孔材料下气体爆炸转扩散燃烧的特性研究

为分析多孔材料对预混气体爆炸特性参数的影响效果,采用自主搭建的爆炸实验平台,探究不同孔隙度和厚度的多孔材料对当量比为1的甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的作用行为。实验研究表明,不同孔隙度的多孔材料对爆炸火焰和超压具有促进或抑制两种不同的影响。孔隙度较小时,爆燃火焰传播速度随着材料厚度的增大而降低,并在厚度较大时,火焰有短暂的传播延时现象。孔隙度较大时,预混火焰冲击多孔材料时发生淬熄,但随后一段时间内,由于负压抽吸作用,在已爆区域一侧的材料表面产生扩散燃烧现象,且扩散燃烧程度与材料厚度成反比关系。多孔材料的固相结构能降低压力的泄放效率,同时可吸收能量,进而提高爆炸超压的上升速率,降低超压峰值。当每英寸长度孔数δ=10的多孔材料促进火焰传播时,与当量比为1的预混气体爆炸相比,超压峰值最大可提高约2倍,造成更严重的后果。火焰冲击δ=20的多孔材料时发生淬熄,最大超压衰减可达47.17%,δ=30时最大超压衰减了24.62%。     

Determination of a soundproofing capacity of the model aircraft fuselage compartment

The results of experimental laboratory studies of an acoustic field inside the stiffened shell are presented; the shell simulates an aircraft fuselage compartment under its excitation by a diffusion sound field. The soundproofing capacity of the model compartment under diffusion excitation is experimentally evaluated.     

无轴涵道旋翼气动特性数值研究

采用基于非结构网格的滑移网格技术对无轴涵道旋翼与传统涵道旋翼的气动特性进行了非定常Euler方程数值模拟。分别考察了无轴涵道旋翼与传统涵道旋翼气动特性差异,中心孔径、涵道扩散角、涵道翼型对无轴涵道旋翼气动特性的影响。涵道扩散角变化范围为-6°~10°,涵道翼型选择NACA66、NACA0018及NACA4415三种翼型进行研究。研究发现:涵道翼型类型对无轴涵道旋翼的拉力分配影响较大,对称翼型能减弱旋翼上方低压涡从而涵道能产生更大的拉力;无轴涵道旋翼比传统涵道旋翼具有更优的拉力性能,转速为18 000 r/min时其总拉力是后者的1.185倍;减小无轴涵道旋翼的中心孔径能提高总拉力值,但整体耗能也将随之提高;涵道拉力占比越高的翼型,其最佳涵道扩散角越大,该状态下涵道拉力占比最高。      

可控扩散叶型的扩稳优化

采用正问题方法,将叶型几何参数化、叶型性能分析程序与遗传算法相结合,对某传统可控扩散叶型（CDA）进行叶型损失和攻角范围的综合性能优化设计。结果表明:优化叶型与原叶型具有相近的设计点损失,而其攻角范围由原来的11°增大至17.5°,其中负攻角范围增大了近4.5°。另外,优化叶型的损失随攻角变化也更为平缓,意味着可以在更为宽广的攻角范围内保持稳定的性能。分析表明:吸力面速度峰值位置由原叶型40%弦长处前移至20%弦长处,增加了减速区的长度,使减速更为平缓,是正攻角裕度增大的主要原因。负攻角裕度增加有两方面原因,优化叶型喉道面积增大且喉道位置与设计点吸力峰值位置错开,具有较大的堵塞裕度;压力面前部区域速度较为平缓,甚至略微加速,直至30%弦长后才开始减速扩压,避免了因压力面前缘处的较大速度尖峰以及随后的持续扩压导致附面层的过早分离。      

水氧腐蚀环境对2D C/SiC热扩散性能的作用机制研究

通过对不同温度条件下,水氧腐蚀前后2D C/SiC复合材料热扩散性能的演变规律,研究了环境损伤对C/SiC复合材料热扩散性能的作用机制。在水蒸气和氧气混合环境下,C/SiC复合材料内部气孔率增加,同时在材料表面有氧化物形成。材料内部出现的气孔,阻断了热流在材料内部的传输,使得热扩散性能呈现出直线下降的趋势。氧化物的形成,在一定程度上封填裂纹,有助于热量的传输,能够在一定程度上改善材料热扩散性能。