温州地区不同时距下近地台风特性观测研究

基于2008年影响温州地区的台风海鸥、凤凰和蔷薇的实测风场资料,分析了不同平均时距下近地台风的湍流特性(如平均风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子)。实测结果表明:同一地点不同台风的平均风向角可能相差很大,不同时距最大平均风速不是同步出现;随着平均风速的增大,湍流度和阵风因子有逐渐减小的趋势;当地湍流度实测结果明显大于已有平坦市郊区地形的实测值和日本风荷载规范经验公式计算值;不同平均时距的横风向与顺风向阵风因子的比值变化较大;1m in或3 s平均时距值可较好地反映出台风风速、风向、湍流度和阵风因子的脉动性和变化规律。     

应用不等栅距光栅的光刻对准系统

介绍一种在分步投影光刻机中,采用不等栅距光栅进行对准的系统。详细介绍了该系统的光学原理、所采用对准目标的刻线形式、空间滤波的方法、信号处理的方法和对系统有影响的误差源以及改进措施。     

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

金融危机后的韩国金融监管改革:成效与经验

金融危机爆发后,韩国随即大幅度地进行了金融监管体制调整和机构改革,形成了集中统一监管的新模式.韩国金融监管体制改革取得了很大的成效,受到了广泛赞誉,为危机中的金融市场积累了不少改革和监管的经验.     

基于异频扰动和CFD技术的滑动轴承动力特性系数识别方法

目前CFD技术已广泛应用于滑动轴承的数值仿真中,但还存在两个问题,相对于传统的通过求解Reynolds方程获得流体压力场和油膜力的方法,如何通过CFD计算结果来识别得到动力特性系数,以及CFD方法误差有多大。针对这些问题,本文基于同幅异频位移激励技术,同时充分考虑惯性力、刚度、阻尼交叉项等因素给出了一套适用于挤压油膜阻尼器、可倾瓦轴承、固定瓦轴承等多种模型的动力特性识别方法,应用该方法可以一次性识别出油膜的动力特性系数。通过滑动轴承算例与短圆瓦轴承刚度阻尼理论解进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性。     

跨声速级不同转速下静叶的损失特性

为讨论不同转速下静叶的气动及损失特性,在09倍设计转速下对某跨声速单级压气机进行了试验测量,获得了级特性曲线并对数值计算方法进行了校核。利用校核后的数值软件对07~11倍设计转速下压气机静叶内部流场进行了详细的数值研究,探讨了转速变化对静叶内部流场结构的影响机制,分析了流场结构与损失分布的关联性,对比了不同损失评价标准并给出了各自对于叶片优化设计的指导意义。结果表明:随着转速的增加静叶顶部流场持续恶化,而叶根和叶中流场变化较小;流道内的旋涡和压力梯度输运了低能流体团,造成了低能流体在流场中的积聚而形成高损失区。      

滚动轴承振动性能状态演变的非线性特征和不确定性特征的灰关系分析

为了更加全面有效地监测滚动轴承服役过程中其振动性能状态的演变历程,用关联维数和盒维数表征振动性能状态演变的非线性,用振动数据瞬时值的波动范围和平均值的波动范围表征振动性能状态演变的不确定性。运用灰关系分析法求解参数序列之间的灰置信水平,进而分析轴承振动性能状态演变的非线性特征和不确定性特征之间的非线性相关程度。两个案例表明：总体上来看,关联维数和盒维数均有减小的趋势,瞬时值的波动范围和平均值的波动范围都有增大的趋势,而且它们在突变点处有某种意义上的对应关系。非线性特征参数序列和不确定性特征参数序列总体上有负相关关系,且不确定性参数序列与关联维数的灰置信水平均比其与盒维数的灰置信水平要高。     

仿蜻蜓扑翼飞行器机构设计及气动力研究

针对蜻蜒扑翼飞行机理与鸟类单翼飞行机理的不同,设计了一种双翅翼空间四杆扑翼机构,提出了一种非对称刚度柔性翅翼.该翅翼上拍时刚度较小,下拍时刚度较大,上拍时翅翼变形比下拍时翅翼变形大,空气阻力较小,可以提高每个拍动周期中的等效升力,从而有效减小飞行器飞行时的能耗速度,提高飞行效率.基于非定常空气动力学原理,建立了仿蜻蜒扑翼飞行器的动力学模型,对双翼挥拍过程中不同相位差下的升阻特性进行了分析,可为飞行过程中扑动模式的选择提供参考.