界面导热材料研究进展

综述了导热脂、导热胶黏剂、导热橡胶、导热胶带及相变材料等几类界面导热材料(TIMs)的组成成分、制备方法、主要性能、应用领域及其优化设计方法,并对国内外界面导热材料的发展进行了展望。     

仪表级SiC/Al复合材料的应用研究与实践

针对下一代惯性仪表结构材料在应用中存在问题的现状,开展仪表级复合材料的应用研究,攻克了复合材料稳定化组分设计,高致密、大尺寸复合材料制备技术,尺寸稳定化评价技术和仪表级复合材料稳定化工艺四项关键技术,实现了仪表级SiCP/Al在惯性仪表结构件上的成功应用,分析了该材料应用于惯性仪表可能带来的效果,并指出了制约仪表级SiCP/Al在惯性仪表零部件上应用的问题。     

航天器黏弹性约束阻尼结构频率响应分析方法

黏弹性约束阻尼是对航天器结构进行振动响应抑制的重要方法,而频率响应分析是评估抑振效果的重要分析手段。文章阐述了利用有限元分析软件MSC/NASTRAN对黏弹性约束阻尼结构进行频率响应分析的方法,分析了各种方法的特点,并结合典型航天器结构件给出具体分析算例,可为相关方法的工程应用提供借鉴。     

利用金刚石微颗粒进行微米级加工的研究

为确立用金刚石微颗粒对硬脆性材料进行微加工的技术基础,在进行了螺旋切入方式的运动学和力学模式的解析后,对用金刚石微颗粒进行磨削微加工的最佳条件进行了探讨。在此基础之上,用电镀有金刚石微颗粒的工具和螺旋切入磨削方式,成功地实现了对玻璃、硅片等各种各样的硬脆性材料的100μm尺度的高精度加工。     

PMMA透光纳米复合材料的制备

利用同轴共纺技术制备出具有壳-芯结构的复合纳米纤维,再通过热压成型工艺将壳层的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)熔融,留下芯层的尼龙6(PA-6)纳米纤维作为增强材料,由此制备得到纳米纤维增强透光复合材料.实验结果表明,该复合材料较之纯PMMA板在力学性能上有明显改善,透光率则基本不受影响.应用SEM、TEM以及FTIR研究了复合纳米纤维的形貌和结构,并根据复合材料力学试验断口的SEM照片,分析了PA-6纳米纤维含量对复合材料力学性能和透光性能的影响.     

Influence of processing and external storage conditions on the performance of envelope materials for stratospheric airships

Envelope materials are extremely vital for stratospheric airships, which are widely used in numerous applications. The influence of processing as well as the storage and utilization conditions on the performance of envelope materials has been studied systematically for the first time. Results show that the performance of envelope materials depends largely on the hot-pressing temperature and the flexing during processing. The tensile strength of samples dropped to 289.1 ± 8.0 MPa from 346.6 ± 9.3 MPa when pressed at temperature above 180 °C and helium leakage appeared. The outer layers would be worn off when flexed no matter by manual or machine, resulting in dramatic increase of helium permeability and even leakage as well as varying decrease of mechanical properties. Hence, suitable hot-pressing temperature and limitation of flexing as little as possible during processing are essential to obtain products with suitable properties. Besides, the storage and utilization conditions are also critical to the properties of envelope materials. Both naturally aged samples in outdoor storage on ground and samples recovered from actual flight on stratospheric airship exhibited reduced mechanical properties and even helium leakage due to excess solar irradiation, ozone concentration and energetic particles interaction compared with those stored indoors. The weatherability of envelope materials should be further strengthened in the next few years. This research could provide a theoretical guidance for actual practice.     

Hysteresis and the nonlinear equivalent piezoelectric coeffcient of MFCs for actuation

The hysteretic behavior and nonlinearity of the equivalent material coefficient of macro fiber composites (MFC) under staircase input conditions are investigated using the Preisach model. Based on a database of first order reversal curves, formulas are derived to predict the hysteresis of strain output and nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient of MFCs. Formulae are verified by comparing the predicted strains with the measured strains of three MFC specimens, which are driven by a random sequence of staircase voltage inputs. The coefficients obtained by the formulae and experimentation coincide. Further results indicate that the equivalent piezoelectric strain coefficient depends greatly on the value of drive voltage across the entire input range, and the coefficient is asymmetric across the negative and positive input ranges. Deflection testing of an MFC composite cantilever demonstrates the importance of taking the nonlinearity of the equivalent piezoelectric coefficient into consideration in the application of actuation.     

陶瓷材料的超声辅助铣磨削加工技术

陶瓷材料由于具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化、良好的绝缘性等优点，使得其在航天领域得到广泛的应用。针对陶瓷材料在常规机械加工过程中易引入微裂纹等非本征缺陷和残余应力等加工缺陷，通过对陶瓷材料特性的理论分析，引入超声振动加工方法。同时，对陶瓷材料超声振动加工的机理进行了分析，对比验证了普通磨削加工和超声辅助铣磨削加工的效果。采用仿真分析了超声加工过程中工件所受的切削压力和内应力云图，并从理论的角度进行了验证，实现了陶瓷材料产品表观质量的大幅提升，其表面粗糙度达到Ra0.56μm。     

梯度功能材料制备技术及其发展趋势

综述了梯度功能材料（ＦＧＭ）的制备技术和国内外的研究现状,具体介绍了几种制备技术的基本原理和工艺方法,包括粉末冶金法、等离子喷涂法、激光熔敷法、化学气相沉积法和物理气相法以及自蔓延高温燃烧合成法。从工艺角度分析了各种制备技术的优缺点,并展望了梯度功能材料制备技术的发展趋势。     

非线性时变过程的智能控制器在火工品压药控制中的应用

针对火工品药剂生产中压力控制过程的非线性和时变控制问题,设计一个具有控制参数适应能力的智能控制器．实时控制结果验证了该智能控制器具有很强的适应能力和很高的控制精度,为火工品药剂的压药自动控制探索了一种新方法．