先进航空材料和复杂构件的焊接技术

概述了一航材料院在十五期间对先进航空材料和复杂构件的焊接技术研究的主要结果与进展,其中包括已经获得实际应用的焊接技术以及相关有价值的探索性研究结果.     

层状固体结构表面性质的非线性兰姆波定征方法

提出用非线性兰姆波方法定征层状固体结构的表面性质,分析了层状固体结构表面性质变化对兰姆波二次谐波发生效应产生的影响。基于Ritec-SNAP系统建立了非线性兰姆波实验系统,当表面的覆层面积和覆层厚度发生变化时,在兰姆波具有强烈非线性效应的条件下,测量了兰姆波的基波及二次谐波的幅频曲线,结果显示表面性质的微小变化将显著地影响到兰姆波的二次谐波发生效率。借鉴声-超声技术中的应力波因子方法,定义了兰姆波应力波因子,实验结果表明,利用兰姆波二次谐波的应力波因子可对层状固体结构表面性质的变化情况进行准确定征。     

多相材料结构拓扑优化的周长控制方法研究

针对多相材料结构的拓扑优化出现的棋盘格问题,研究了周长约束控制方法。根据多相材料组分情况下结构有限单元密度变量的定义特点,拓展了周长约束的原始定义概念并提出了相应的4种周长控制约束新格式。以结构最大刚度优化设计问题为例,结合凸规划对偶求解方法验证了4种格式的有效性。计算结果表明:独立控制各类变量周长的方式能更有效地实现多相材料结构的拓扑优化设计,获得消除棋盘格和中间变量值的清晰结果。     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

高推重比对航空发动机结构设计的影响

提高推重比是航空发动机设计追求的最主要目标之一,而高推重比一方面取决于高水平的气动热力学设计．同时也取决于高水平的结构设计技术和方法。本文从结构设计关注点、新颖结构、选材趋势及由此带来的结构设计思维变化等方面．论述了对高推重比的不断追求为结构设计工作所带来的变革和发展。     

火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验

简要回顾了人类火星探测并成功着陆火星的历史,对火星的基本情况及进入环境进行了介绍。对火星科学实验室项目情况、飞向火星的过程及进入气动热环境进行了描述。详细介绍了火星科学实验室进入舱防热材料的发展及相关气动热试验。     

含缺陷复合材料T型接头失效数值分析

 针对复合材料T型接头优化设计问题,利用粘聚区模型(CZM)建立了可预测复合材料接头拉伸破坏过程的分析方法.将填充物缺陷加入该模型,填充区裂纹的起始是随机的,重点分析填充物缺陷的位置、尺寸大小以及填充物刚度对接头承载能力的影响.计算结果表明:模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;无论缺陷位置如何,缺陷尺寸越大,结构承载能力越弱;结构承载能力对上角缺陷最为敏感;填充物刚度在3~50 MPa时,填充物刚度较大的接头损伤容限特性更好;不同的缺陷位置,破坏模式差异较大,但起裂点或最终失效处都在缺陷附近的基体中.     

Degradation of thermal control materials under a simulated radiative space environment

A spacecraft with a passive thermal control system utilizes various thermal control materials to maintain temperatures within safe operating limits. Materials used for spacecraft applications are exposed to harsh space environments such as ultraviolet (UV) and particle (electron, proton) irradiation and atomic oxygen (AO), undergo physical damage and thermal degradation, which must be considered for spacecraft thermal design optimization and cost effectiveness. This paper describes the effect of synergistic radiation on some of the important thermal control materials to verify the assumptions of beginning-of-life (BOL) and end-of-life (EOL) properties. Studies on the degradation in the optical properties (solar absorptance and infrared emittance) of some important thermal control materials exposed to simulated radiative geostationary space environment are discussed. The current studies are purely related to the influence of radiation on the degradation of the materials; other environmental aspects (e.g., thermal cycling) are not discussed. The thermal control materials investigated herein include different kind of second-surface mirrors, white anodizing, white paints, black paints, multilayer insulation materials, varnish coated aluminized polyimide, germanium coated polyimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE). For this purpose, a test in the constant vacuum was performed reproducing a three year radiative space environment exposure, including ultraviolet and charged particle effects on North/South panels of a geostationary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Reflectance spectra were measured in situ in the solar range (250–2500 nm) and the corresponding solar absorptance values were calculated. The test methodology and the degradations of the materials are discussed. The most important degradations among the low solar absorptance materials were found in the white paints whereas the rigid optical solar reflectors remained quite stable. Among the high solar absorptance elements, as such the change in the solar absorptance was very low, in particular the germanium coated polyimide was found highly stable.     

一种功能梯度Timoshenko梁的损伤识别方法

为了获得功能梯度材料的高精度损伤识别方法,本文基于动力学方法,通过对状态空间变量进行变量替换,求得了沿轴向指数分布的功能梯度Timoshenko梁的传递矩阵,通过分析裂纹对结构局部柔度的影响,采用扭转弹簧模拟裂纹对结构局部柔度的贡献,建立了功能梯度Timoshenko梁的表面裂纹传递矩阵,并且推导了复杂边界条件下多跨梁的理论模型。通过将非线性方程组转化为单一目标函数优化问题,并将增广拉格朗日算法与差分进化算法相结合对结构进行损伤识别。计算实例表明,本文提出的方法具有精度高、收敛快等特点,且适用于复杂边界条件下多损伤模型的损伤识别。      

抗磁性物质磁悬浮方法在空间生物学与生物技术中的应用

失重是特定空间运动条件下的重要环境物理特征之一, 一般以微重力环境来表示. 几十年来人类利用空间失重环境进行了多学科领域的科学研究与探索. 由于真实空间失重环境下科学实验机会稀少, 人类为研究空间失重环境或效应, 开发了多种地基的空间模拟实验技术方法. 然而, 对于空间生物学和空间生物技术研究而言, 已有的各种模拟实验技术手段在原理上和应用上均存在一定的局限性. 本文介绍了抗磁性物质在大梯度强磁场中的悬浮现象, 及将其用于模拟空间失重环境的方法与原理;简述了近年来利用抗磁性物质悬浮方法进行生物大分子晶体生长、分子细胞生物学及整体生物学等方面研究与应用的进展.