热防护材料表面催化特性研究进展

随着高超声速飞行器的发展,高焓离解环境下热防护材料所承受的气动热载荷在很大程度上受到材料表面催化特性的影响。根据高焓服役环境特征和热防护材料表面催化特性的发展现状,重点综述了材料表面催化反应机理和不同尺度的催化模型,分析、比较了催化特性地面测试与评价方法以及典型热防护材料表面催化特性的影响因素,简要总结了国内现阶段相关催化特性研究的初步成果,并在此基础之上提出了催化特性测试与表征方法的不足和后续研究的重点方向,为有效改进热防护材料表面催化特性试验测试技术、准确预测高超声速飞行器气动热环境,从而实现热防护系统的精细化设计提供指导。     

一种新型结构非本征光纤F-P传感器全应变测量性能研究

光纤传感器作为一种新的测量信息传输方式,在航空发动机部件材料高温测量领域具有重要的应用价值。基于多光束干涉原理,制作一种新型结构的非本征光纤 Fabry-Perot（F-P）传感器,探索其在航空发动机部件材料室温/高温环境静力拉伸试验过程中的变形测量性能。采用平板和圆棒两种形状的试样,在不同表面粗糙度和两种加载速率下,分别对比高级视频引伸计（AVE）进行室温、高温环境下静力拉伸试验。结果表明：新型结构的非本征光纤 F-P 传感器具有测量范围大,测量精度高,测量结果不受外界因素影响等优势,可实现航空发动机部件材料的超量程全应变测量;此外,在测量精度和设备体积方面明显优于 AVE。     

功能梯度材料热传导的多尺度边界元分析

功能梯度材料是物理性能连续变化的非均匀复合材料,其结构特点消除了材料内部严重的热应力界面,在航空、航天及核反应堆等工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对功能梯度材料的稳态热传导问题,给出一种基于边界元模型的统计多尺度分析方法,并针对典型问题进行数值模拟。首先,在功能梯度材料微结构随机分布且体积分数随着位置变化的表征基础上,建立等效热传导系数的多尺度边界元分析模型;然后,给出统计意义下的数值计算方法;最后,研究颗粒随机分布功能梯度材料的热传导性能,并通过与实验结果对比对算法进行验证。结果表明:统计多尺度边界元方法对于预测功能梯度材料的热传导性能是有效的。     

超声速流动中功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振机理

对高超声速环境中功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振机理及分岔特性进行了研究。分别采用活塞理论和Eckert参考焓方法模拟气动力以及气动加热效应,在求解板内二维热传导方程以及考虑温升对材料物性影响的基础上,建立了一个气动加热-气动弹性双向耦合的功能梯度曲壁板的热气动弹性颤振模型。采用有限元方法对曲壁板控制方程进行了数值模拟,着重分析了不同拱高下曲壁板的分岔行为,探讨了拱高变化对曲壁板分岔图的影响,发现了曲壁板颤振三种典型的颤振行为,即:热屈曲、混沌以及规则振动。对初始拱高板厚比为1时,曲壁板的两种规则振动行为进行对比发现,随着马赫数的增大,气动加热效应所引起的热内力会使曲壁板的规则振动更加复杂,同时振动的主振型及频率均会发生变化。     

空间紫外辐照对高分子材料破坏机理研究综述

高分子材料作为绝缘体和电介质被广泛应用于机电组件、集成电路等各类电子元器件中,其性能的变化将直接影响电子元器件功能的正常实现。空间紫外辐照是造成高分子材料性能退化的重要因素之一。文章介绍了空间紫外辐照的来源及特点,阐述了紫外辐照对高分子材料作用的两种效应,即瞬态效应和累积效应的机理与过程及其对高分子材料性能造成的影响,并提出增强高分子材料耐紫外辐照能力的方法和途径。最后指出需要进一步开展研究工作的方向。     

航空航天复合材料绿色化发展浅析

简述了航空航天复合材料绿色化技术的研究进展,包括复合材料的绿色化设计、绿色材料、绿色制造,以及回收再利用等技术,探讨了复合材料绿色化技术的发展前景。     

Tool Materials Rapid Selection Based on Initial Wear

Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research, 873 tool wear curves are taken as samples, and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period (WRIWP) and wear rate in uniform wear period (WRUWP) to certain extent. On this basis, a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward, and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.     

Research on the intelligent design system for investment casting die of aero-engine turbine blade based on knowledge

To solve the problems in turbine blade investment casting die design process such as long design time,lacking of expert experience and low level of intelligence,knowledge-based engineering (KBE) was introduced in the turbine blade investment casting die design field. The key technologies of the intelligent design method were researched and a prototype system was developed. A hybrid reasoning model was prompted in which case-based reasoning (CBR) was applied to conceptual design and rule-based reasoning (RBR) was applied to parts design after research the design process and domain knowledge of casting die. In the conceptual design stage,a retrieval model which integrated nearest neighbor approach and knowledge-based retrieval approach was prompted to improve the retrieval efficiency. Meanwhile,RBR was used to modify the retrieval result. The practical application results indicate that this system can reuse the expert experience efficiently and heighten the die design efficiency and quality.      

Heat Absorbing and Releasing Experiments with Improved Phase-change Thermal Storage Canisters

This article, based on authors' long-term study, proposes an improved foamed-Ni-packed phase-change thermal storage canister, which takes advantage of the foamed-Ni characteristic of instinctive porous structure and excellent properties to ameliorate its void distribution and thermal conductivity. The improved canister and the unimproved one without foamed-Ni package, are put to heat absorbing and releasing tests to investigate the effects of heat absorbing temperature upon the phase-change materials (PCM) melting time under three temperature schemes by using platinum resistance thermometers (PT100) and data acquisition modules (ADAM-4000) to gather the data of varying temperature. Afterwards, the computerized tomography (CT) is employed to scan the void distribution in both canisters. Compared to the unimproved canister, the experimental results evidence the superiority of the improved one in higher uniformity in void and temperature distribution as well as faster thermal responses.     

航天用复合材料压力容器的应用与发展

复合材料压力容器在航空航天、汽车、电子等领域具有广泛的应用,本文系统地分析了目前复合材料压力容器的材料和典型结构,阐述复合材料压力容器在航天工业的主要应用及发展方向。