基于变胞原理的一种探测车机构设计与分析

提出了一种具有特殊结构的六杆球面变胞机构,并对该机构进行了构态变化分析,给出了在不同构态时机构的邻接矩阵.依据机构在不同构态时的特殊性质,将该球面变胞机构应用于变结构腿轮式探测车车身的设计.通过车身机构的自我重构以及腿式和轮式结构的变换,使这种探测车能更好地适应星球等复杂环境的探测.对此新型变结构机器人的结构进行了详细的描述,并对机构的自由度进行了分析,同时给出了探测车的典型变形构态.      

大展弦比飞翼构型的横航向操纵特性

大展弦比飞翼构型取消了垂尾和方向舵,通常采用开裂式方向舵和多组升降副翼组合来实现滚转和偏航操纵.通过与常规的侧力类方向舵对比,揭示了阻力类开裂式方向舵的操纵机理,包括偏航和滚转力矩产生原理以及操纵效能等.对大展弦比飞翼构型的横航向配平能力和协调机动能力进行了分析,并与常规飞机进行了对比,研究结果表明单发失效对偏航操纵效能要求最高,需要适当地增加开裂式方向舵的舵容量或对现有布局进行改进设计.      

基于光强测量毛细超高压水射流集束性的实验研究

准确划分射流集束段和雾化段是研究射流集束性的前提。设计了一种基于光强定量测量集束性的方法。基于该方法对具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴,在超高压喷射条件下形成的水射流结构形态进行分析,并与直柱型出口流道喷嘴射流对比分析。结果表明:光强测量法能够比较准确地划分射流集束段和雾化段,区分雾化段中核心区和气液混合区;毛细超高压水射流的集束性在雷诺数影响下由喷嘴孔口结构、出口流道结构的综合作用决定;在一定雷诺数范围内,具有尖锐边缘孔口和类流线型出口流道的喷嘴有良好的集束性,当雷诺数达到1.8×104~1.9×104时,射流集束段长度趋于恒定;喷嘴出口流道结构通过气流调节,对射流集束性的影响在高雷诺数下可以忽略,空气动力扰动在高雷诺数下对射流集束性影响程度显著降低。     

Pareto遗传算法在气动外形优化中的应用

Pareto方法作为一种多目标优化方法,能够一次性获得优化问题对应的不同权重分配情况下的所有最优解集。它与遗传算法结合产生的Pareto遗传算法,是求解多目标优化问题的Pareto最优解集合的一种有效手段。本文将两种常用的Pareto遗传算法,MOGA方法和两支联赛遗传算法应用到气动外形优化中,针对具体算例进行气动外形的优化设计,得到了满意的优化设计结果。     

大气边界层风洞流场特性的模拟

风洞中大气边界层模拟的准确度是保证风洞试验结果准确度的重要因素。本文采用了一种新型曲边梯形尖塔,并结合粗糙元等被动装置对风洞大气边界层模拟进行了研究,模拟出我国规范中的A、B、C和D类四种地貌并将结果和已有的研究结果进行比较。结果显示：所采用新型结构尖塔可以显著提高风洞大气边界层中部以上高度的湍流度,整个湍流度剖面基本覆盖了西方主要国家规范对此项指标的建议值。文中还调试出平均风速剖面不变而湍流度分布可变的流场,为开展相关的结构抗风研究奠定了基础。     

分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型及布局设计

为解决空间站在不同的构型及飞行姿态下，因太阳入射角变化大引起的太阳电池翼难以对日定向的难题，提出分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型。研究空间站构型及飞行姿态，确定采用A轴与B轴2个轴独立运转、单独控制的对日定向方式，2个轴通过桁架结构实现正交连接。在梦天实验舱单舱飞行时，A轴不动，B轴根据轨道周期跟踪太阳，通过飞行器姿态调整补偿太阳入射角的变化。组合体飞行时，B轴补偿太阳高度角，A轴根据轨道周期带动B轴与太阳电池翼共同跟踪太阳，实现双自由度对日定向。在轨飞行结果表明:在不同的舱段构型及飞行姿态下，功率通道输出功率波动幅度由60%减小到7%，分体组合式双自由度对日定向系统构型能够适应空间站复杂的飞行工况。     

Transitional wave configurations between Type III and Type IV oblique-shock/bow-shock interactions

The interactions of oblique/bow shock waves are the key flow phenomena restricting the design and aerothermodynamic performance of high-speed vehicles. Type III and Type IV Shock/Shock Interactions(SSIs) have been extensively investigated, as such interactions can induce abnormal aerodynamic heating problems in hypersonic flows of vehicles. The transition process between these two distinct types of shock/shock interactions remains unclear. In the present study, a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration is revealed and defined as Type IIIa. Type IIIa interaction can induce much more severe aerodynamic heating than a Type IV interaction which was ever reported to be the most serious in literature. The intense aerodynamic heating observed in this configuration highlights a new design point for the thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles. A secondary Mach interaction between shock waves in the supersonic flow path of a Type III configuration is demonstrated to be the primary mechanism for such a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration.     

空间站梦天载荷适配器设计与连接精度验证

空间站舱外载荷适配器是一种用于空间站载荷进出舱及开展载荷舱外暴露试验的轻小型空间对接机构。介绍空间站梦天载荷适配器应用场景、设计思路、产品组成及定位原理;针对该产品高互换性及高定位精度的需求，对3°~120°均布的杆槽定位方式进行了数学建模分析及试验验证。得出了该定位方式具有良好的定位精度及互换性能的结论，在后续空间对接机构设计过程中，可作为备选构型优先考虑。     

Optimization of fixed aviation support resource station configuration for aircraft carrier based on aircraft dispatch mission scheduling

Before the dispatch of the carrier-based aircraft, a series of pre-flight preparation operations need to be completed on the flight deck. Flight deck fixed aviation support resource station configuration has an important impact on operation efficiency and sortie rate. However, the resource station configuration is determined during the aircraft carrier design phase and is rarely modified as required, which may not be suitable for some pre-flight preparation missions. In order to solve the above defects, the joint optimization of flight deck resource station configuration and aircraft carrier pre-flight preparation scheduling is studied in this paper, which is formulated as a two-tier optimization decision-making framework. An improved variable neighborhood search algorithm with four original neighborhood structures is presented. Dispatch mission experiment and algorithm performance comparison experiment are carried out in the computational experiment section. The correlation between the pre-flight preparation time (makespan) and flight deck cabin occupancy percentage is given, and advantages of the proposed algorithm in solving the mathematical model are verified.     

无强波构型理论发展现状研究

本文引入了一种由Busemann超声速双翼理论发展而来的无强激波构型,该构型可明显消弱超声速飞行时带来的波阻和声爆。文中分析了无强波构型的机理和气动特性,介绍了该构型理论研究和应用研究进展,并探讨了该构型在超声速飞行器设计应用中的关键性问题。该理论为未来低声爆超声速飞机的设计提供了一个全新的思路,是未来超声速/高超声速飞行器发展必要的技术基础。