供油时间改变对脉冲爆震发动机工作特性的影响

为了提高脉冲爆震发动机(Pulse Detonation Engine,简称PDE)工作的协调性。试验获得汽油/空气混气点火延迟时间约为3.6 ms,缓燃向爆震转变(Deflagration-to-Detonation transition,简称DDT)过程所需时间约3.8 ms。对PDE一个工作周期进行合理的时间分配,采用电磁阀控制停止供油时间,动态压力传感器测量爆震波压力,研究PDE在一定的工作周期内的工作性能,发现对于小管径的,两相混气PDE可以不用隔离段;在亚音燃烧时段继续供油,PDE仍可以正常工作;在PDE膨胀时间段供油会使爆震波的压力峰值下降。研究的结果对提高PDE的工作频率及更好的组织两相爆震燃烧有一定的参考价值。      

Trajectory Analysis of Fuel Injection into Supersonic Cross Flow Based on Schlieren Method

Trajectory analysis of fuel injection into supersonic cross flow is studied in this paper. A directly-connected wind tunnel is constructed to provide stable supersonic freestream. Based on the test rig, the schlieren system is established to reveal the fuel injection process visually. Subsequently, the method of quantitative schlieren is adopted to obtain data of both fuel/air interface and bow shock with the aid of Photoshop and Origin. Finally, the mechanism based on two influential factors of fuel injection angle and fuel injection driven pressure, is researched by vector analysis. A dimensionless model is deduced and analyzed. The curve fitting result is achieved. The relationship between the data and the two influential factors is established. The results provide not only the quantitative characteristics of the fuel injection in supersonic cross flow but also the valuable reference for the future computational simulation.     

尖劈诱导的斜爆轰波的精细结构及其影响因素

为了揭示斜爆轰的精细结构及其影响因素,基于带化学反应的Euler方程,利用五阶WENO格式,对尖劈诱导的斜爆轰进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在劈面的压缩下,斜爆轰波阵面被分为三种结构,依次是类ZND结构、单三波点阵面结构和双三波点阵面结构。同时,根据三波点的轨迹绘制了胞格结构,其中单三波点的轨迹为平行直线,而双三波点的轨迹为倾斜的蜂窝状结构。讨论了来流马赫数和尖劈角度对劈面压缩性的影响,随着马赫数和劈角的增加,尖劈的压缩更厉害,爆轰波阵面也就越光滑。     

通过壁温确定脉冲爆震火箭发动机中爆震波形成的位置

常用来作为促进爆震形成的Shchelkin螺旋由于流阻较大,对发动机的比冲会造成一定的损失,因此缩短缓燃向爆震转变(Deflagration to Detonation Transition,DDT)增强装置长度,对脉冲爆震火箭发动机性能的提高有着重要的意义。通过分析DDT增强段的壁温来判断爆震波的形成位置,并通过压力信号来验证。实验结果表明,DDT增强段的壁温沿轴向分布为先增加,然后保持不变,轴向温度会有一个明显的转折点;经过实验验证,壁温的转折点即为爆震波的形成位置。     

基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型

为了实现爆震波压力的软测量,依据碳氢焰离子形成原理及爆震波高速传播的特点,在分析爆震波离子形成机理的基础上,根据爆震波离子电流与压力信号的相似性,提出基于离子电流的爆震波压力非线性模型建模思路。采用RBF网络建立爆震波非线性模型,并给出网络结构、样本选取原则和预处理方法。开展了单次脉冲爆震试验,利用试验数据建立该压力非线性模型,并通过试验数据和模型输出的对比校核模型的有效性和准确性。     

螺旋式脉冲爆震发动机实验研究

目前以碳氢燃料与空气可爆混合物的直管爆震室存在较长的爆燃向爆震转变(Deflagration to Detonation Transition,简称“DDT”)距离,从而导致发动机整机长度过长等问题.为解决此问题,采用8种螺旋构型的爆震管替代现有国内外普遍研究的直管构型的爆震管进行了一系列实验.首先对不同螺旋结构的爆震管进行冷态流阻特性实验,得出了螺旋结构参数和流阻的关系;再结合冷态实验结果,选取4种螺旋结构进行了热态爆震实验.实验结果表明,所有螺旋结构均可获得充分发展的爆震波;螺旋爆震管缓燃向爆震转变时间随螺旋中轴线曲率半径增加而减小;相对于长2.0m的直管爆震管,螺旋爆震管DDT时间缩短了0.415~0.589ms,DDT距离沿螺旋线方向缩短了0.35m,爆震管轴向长度缩短了0.78~1.28m.     

Whole-process design and experimental validation of landing gear lower drag stay with global/local linked driven optimization strategy

Landing gear lower drag stay is a key component which connects fuselage and landing gear and directly effects the safety and performance of aircraft takeoff and landing. To effectively design the lower drag stay and reduce the weight of landing gear, Global/local Linked Driven Optimization Strategy (GLDOS) was developed to conduct the overall process design of lower drag stay in respect of optimization thought. The whole-process optimization involves two stages of structural conceptual design and detailed design. In the structural conceptual design, the landing gear lower drag stay was globally topologically optimized by adopting multiple starting points algorithm. In the detailed design, the local size and shape of landing gear lower drag stay were globally optimized by the gradient optimization strategy. The GLDOS method adopts different optimization strategies for different optimization stages to acquire the optimum design effect. Through the experimental validation, the weight of the optimized lower dray stay with the developed GLDOS is reduced by 16.79% while keeping enough strength and stiffness, which satisfies the requirements of engineering design under the typical loading conditions. The proposed GLDOS is validated to be accurate and efficient in optimization scheme and design cycles. The efforts of this paper provide a whole-process optimization approach regarding different optimization technologies in different design phases, which is significant in reducing structural weight and enhance design precision for complex structures in aircrafts.     

高焓激波风洞有效试验时间的诊断

高焓激波风洞能够产生模拟高马赫数飞行条件的气流总温,是研究高温真实气体效应以及再入物理问题的有效试验装备,但是激波风洞的试验时间较短,且随着气流焓值的提高大幅降低,仅为几毫秒,因此试验测试数据曲线中有效时间段的分辨十分重要,它直接影响到试验结果的可靠性及精度。鉴于此,采用压力测量、静电探针测量、非接触光学测量和热流测量的方式,针对中国科学院力学研究所JF-10高焓激波风洞16 MJ/kg总焓、7700 K总温的流场状态,对比研究了风洞喷管的起动时间以及有效测试时间。试验结果表明:静电探针测量方法最为有效地分辨了喷管起动时间段、有效试验时间段以及驱动气体的到达; JF-10高焓风洞在16 MJ/kg的状态下,喷管起动时间约为1.3 ms,风洞有效试验时间约为2 ms。     

来流状态对超声速气动斜劈诱导爆震起爆过程的影响

超声速斜爆震热射流起爆特性受到气流状态参数的影响。针对低速持续热射流,采用高速激光纹影技术和压力传感器测压技术,研究低速热射流预混气来流当量比、温度和速度等状态参数的影响。实验发现,当量比对起爆过程的影响具有一定的随机性,但一般情况下,当量比的增加,有利于爆燃向爆震转变(Deflagration toDetonation,DDT)过程;提高来流温度,将缩短DDT时间,有利于起爆;而提高来流速度,则将阻碍剪切层发展,导致混合效果变差,不利于起爆。     

气相爆震波衍射现象的数值研究

对不同条件下气相爆震波在突扩管道和带扩散段管道中的衍射过程进行了数值研究.结果表明:起爆管的直径和临界爆震管直径对爆震波能否成功衍射传入主爆管起到决定性的作用.壁面反射激波与爆震波相互作用在邻近壁面处产生高温、高压区域,有助于减少爆震的诱导时间以及横波间距.扩散段扩散角越小时,反射激波强度越大.高强度的反射激波会将爆震波分为3段,在分界点处产生高温、高压点,对爆震波的衍射传播起到支持作用.