U型方管中爆燃向爆震转变特性实验研究

以脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)用曲管爆震燃烧室为应用背景,对气相(乙烯/空气)燃烧波在U型方管实验器中的传播过程进行了实验研究。通过改变实验器中弯曲段进口气流入射激波强度,基于弯曲段内压力、波速的测量及高速摄影实验得到了U型方管实验器中半圆型弯段内的爆燃向爆震转变(DDT)特性。结果表明,弯曲段中DDT特性受到入射激波速度的影响:当入射激波速度小于794m/s(43.6%VCJ,VCJ为理论Chapman-Jouguet爆震波速),在弯曲段内不能形成爆震;当入射激波速度介于870~908m/s(47.8%VCJ~50.0%VCJ)之间,弯曲段内首先会产生局部爆炸,并最终形成爆震;当入射激波速度大于934m/s(51.3%VCJ),爆燃波可以直接在弯曲段入口转化为爆震波。     

基于旋转爆震三维流场结构分析的计算模型对比研究

为了研究不同计算模型对三维旋转爆震数值模拟的影响,分别基于Euler方程、N-S方程、RANS方法和IDDES方法并结合滑移、无滑移壁面边界条件,耦合氢气/空气的有限化学反应速率模型（7组分8基元反应）,采用高分辨率的五阶有限差分格式WENO-PPM5离散对流项,对圆环筒型燃烧室内的三维旋转爆震波进行数值模拟,得到了不同模型下旋转爆震波的流场结构、传播特性和推力性能。对比了不同计算模型对流场结构的影响。当采用滑移壁面边界条件时,Euler方程和N-S方程的计算结果较为一致。当使用无滑移壁面边界条件时,边界层的存在会导致可燃混气与燃烧产物之间接触面上的爆燃燃烧区域沿壁面向上游渗透,增大爆燃区域的范围;且爆震波锋面非受限侧变窄、严重变形,不同计算方法计算的变形程度有所不同。     

旋转爆震燃烧航空涡轮发动机研究综述

旋转爆震燃烧具有燃烧过程自增压、熵增小、循环热效率高等特性,将其应用于航空涡轮发动机,有望实现发动机性能阶跃式突破。主要介绍了旋转爆震燃烧的基本原理及特点,总结了国内外旋转爆震燃烧技术、旋转爆震涡轮发动机性能和试验技术的研究现状,论述了旋转爆震燃烧加快应用到航空涡轮发动机上需要深化研究宽范围进气下稳定爆震燃烧组织、旋转爆震燃烧与上下游匹配等关键技术,并对中国旋转爆震燃烧航空涡轮发动机工程化应用提出了制定长期发展规划、实施专项研究计划、组建联合团队等发展建议。     

液体火箭发动机爆震波点火技术初步研究

对液体火箭发动机各种点火技术优缺点进行了对比分析,探讨了各种点火技术方案应用于未来先进推进系统的多管多次点火系统的可行性,讨论了各种点火技术应用方案的结构形式.对爆震波点火技术进行了初步研究,建立了气氢气氧爆震波点火的简化理论分析模型,对其在实际液氢液氧发动机中应用的具体方案进行了分析.分析结果表明,爆震波点火技术可以由低压混合气体产生高温高压的爆震产物,爆震波以高马赫数速度传播,迅速到达各点火位置.爆震波点火技术具备良好的同步性能和简单的结构方案形式,适用于液体火箭发动机多管多次同步点火.     

吸气式连续旋转爆震与来流相互作用

以加热空气为氧化剂,氢气为燃料,开展了吸气式连续旋转爆震试验,研究了连续旋转爆震与来流的相互作用。通过测量隔离段和爆震燃烧室压力,发现了3种相互作用类型:类型1:连续旋转爆震对空气来流不产生影响;类型2:空气来流中存在高频压力振荡,且主频与连续旋转爆震波的传播频率相同,但来流总压不变;类型3:空气来流中存在与连续旋转爆震波传播频率相同的高频压力振荡,且来流总压升高。初步对比了爆震燃烧室尺寸的影响,结果表明随着爆震燃烧室面积的减小,连续旋转爆震对来流的影响增强,影响区域也向上游扩展。     

由火焰聚心和激波聚焦诱导的爆震波研究

通过对几种不同结构形式的爆震发生器进行数值模拟,研究了激波聚焦和火焰聚心现象、气动特性及其机理.数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学和化学动力学过程.数值计算表明用较低的点火能量对射流火焰燃烧器中可燃混合物点火,层流火焰在狭窄管壁作用下加速,射流火焰在轴线上汇聚过程有利于激波的加强,强激波加速火焰,在多重激波与火焰反复作用下,激波和火焰面之间出现热点,热点迅速放大并形成压力很高的过驱爆震波,而后衰减为稳定的爆震波,不同的激波聚焦腔爆震波的形成过程不同.通过对数值计算的结果进行分析,得到了起爆距离和稳定爆震距离,为进一步试验提供参考.     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机增推装置性能试验

以液态汽油为燃料,通过在双管脉冲爆震涡轮发动机(PDTE)原理样机的涡轮出口加装不同喷管和引射器等增推装置,利用试验研究了不同增推装置对自吸气工作模式下(工作频率10~20 Hz)发动机工作状态及推进性能的影响。结果表明:虽然加装3种尾喷管之后涡轮转速、压气机增压比及压气机流量都有不同程度的下降,但发动机都获得了不同程度的推力增益;相比于工作频率20 Hz时无喷管发动机推力114.95 N,发动机加装尾喷管后最大推力可达143.3 N,实现增推24.7%,最大单位推力为749.87 N·s/kg;加装引射器后可以进一步增推,发动机最大推力达到200.67 N,实现增推39.8%,同时这种增推效果随着工作频率的升高而逐渐增大。     

Thrust measurement method verification and analytical studies on a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine

In order to test the feasibility of a new thrust stand system based on impulse thrust mea- surement method, a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine （PDE） is designed and built. Thrust per- formance of the engine is obtained by direct thrust measurement with a force transducer and indirect thrust measurement with an eddy current displacement sensor （ECDS）. These two sets of thrust data are compared with each other to verify the accuracy of the thrust performance. Then thrust data measured by the new thrust stand system are compared with the verified thrust data to test its feasibility. The results indicate that thrust data from the force transducer and ECDS system are consistent with each other within the range of measurement error. Though the thrust data from the impulse thrust measurement system is a litter lower than that from the force transducer due to the axial momentum losses of the detonation jet, the impulse thrust measurement method is valid when applied to measure the averaged thrust of PDE. Analytical models of PDE are also discussed in this paper. The analytical thrust performance is higher than the experimental data due to ignoring the losses during the deflagration to detonation transition process. Effect of equivalence ratio on the engine thrust performance is investigated by utilizing the modified analytical model. Thrust reaches maximum at the equivalence ratio of about 1.1.     

爆轰胞格尺寸的统计分析

爆轰胞格尺寸作为可燃系统的本征值,可用来确定爆轰传播时的临界尺寸,比如直管传播时的临界管径、管道突扩时的临界尺寸等.然而,该尺寸的测量具有较强的主观性.为了减少人工测量带来的不确定性,文章采用两种统计方法:概率密度函数法和自相关函数法,对数值模拟得到的不同规则程度的爆轰胞格进行了统计分析.爆轰胞格的不规则程度采用单步反...     

Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification

Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions.