Cosmic Ray research in Armenia

Cosmic Ray research on Mt. Aragats began in 1934 with the measurements of East–West anisotropy by the group from Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute and Norair Kocharian from Yerevan State University. Stimulated by the results of their experiments in 1942 Artem and Abraham Alikhanyan brothers organized a scientific expedition to Aragats. Since that time physicists were studying Cosmic Ray fluxes on Mt. Aragats with various particle detectors: mass spectrometers, calorimeters, transition radiation detectors, and huge particle detector arrays detecting protons and nuclei accelerated in most violent explosions in Galaxy. Latest activities at Mt. Aragats include Space Weather research with networks of particle detectors located in Armenia and abroad, and detectors of Space Education center in Yerevan.     

Characteristics and performance of thin LaBr3(Ce) crystal for hard X-ray astronomy

We have developed a new detector using thin lanthanum bromide crystal (32 × 3 mm) for use in X-ray astronomy. The instrument was launched in high altitude balloon flight on two different occasions, December 21, 2007, which reached a ceiling altitude of 4.3 mbs and April 25, 2008 reaching a ceiling altitude 2.8 mbs. The observed background counting rate at the ceiling altitude of 4 mbs was ∼4 × 10⁻³ ct cm⁻² s⁻¹ keV⁻¹ sr⁻¹. This paper describes the details of the experiment, the detector characteristics, and the background behaviour at the ceiling altitude.     

转子速度大小及方向的四象限光电测量技术及应用

介绍了利用四象限光电探测器作为检测元件，对转子的旋转速度大小及方向进行在线测量的技术及其应用。对转速大小的测量采用测量频率和测量周期相结合的方法，测量精度，测量范围可以从每分钟几转到几十万转。测量中采用象限相减的差动信号处理方式，可以有效克服噪声及外部干扰信号的影响；采用过零检测处理方法，有助于克服光斑强度的变化对测量结果的影响。     

极性采样倒相编码数字脉冲压缩处理器的检测性能

本文阐述了极性采样倒相编码数字脉冲压缩处理器的非参量恒虚警率(CFAR)特性。这种处理器实质上是简化的Dicke-fix,也是窄带信号的符号检测器。确定了高斯和非高斯噪声中的检测性能。说明了这种处理器相对于非相干匹配滤波器的信噪比损失随码长增加而减小;在高斯噪声中的渐近损失为1.96dB;在Weibull噪声中的损失随Weibull分布形状参数减小而减小,甚至可转为得益。     

分析采用集成鉴频-鉴相器的锁相环捕捉性能的一种近似方法

本文简要推导了在数字锁相环中广泛使用的集成鉴频-鉴相器的鉴相特性与鉴频特性,并对鉴频特性采用线性近似方法,用来分析、计算使用这种鉴相器的锁相环的捕捉性能。     

近月空间带电粒子环境——“嫦娥1号”“嫦娥2号”观测结果

“嫦娥1号”（CE-1）、“嫦娥2号”（CE-2）都安装了1台太阳高能粒子探测器（High-energetic ParticlesDetectors,HPD）和2台太阳风离子探测器（Solar Wind Ion Detectors,SWIDs）,进行了月球轨道200 km和100 km空间环境探测,获得了月球轨道空间高能带电粒子（质子、电子和重离子）能谱随时间的演化特征、等离子体与月球相互作用特征以及太阳风离子速度、密度和温度参量。空间环境探测数据分析结果表明：太阳活动低年、空间环境扰动水平相对较低、月球处于太阳风中时,近月空间带电粒子环境的基本特征与行星际空间相比变化不大。CE-1、CE-2在轨运行期间,发现了多起0.1～2 MeV能量电子急剧增加事件,这些事件发生在月球从太阳风运动到磁尾的所有空间区域,其中20%的事件伴随着卫星周围等离子体离子加速。模拟和统计研究表明：能量电子急剧增加使得绕月卫星和月球表面电位大幅下降导致了离子加速现象的发生;能量电子总流量大于10¹¹ cm^-2时,绕月卫星和月球表面充电电位可达负的上千伏。此外,月表溅射与反射太阳风离子、太阳风“拾起”离子等空间环境事件的发现,揭示了太阳风离子和月球存在复杂的相互作用过程。     

红外探测器比探测率与光学系统工作温度关系研究

针对低温光学系统自身辐射与红外探测器比探测率(D*)的关系,从红外辐射基本理论入手,建立了光学系统工作温度与背景限红外探测器D*之间的关系模型。由此计算出了典型四反光学系统不同工作温度下、不同谱段的背景限红外探测器D*值,综合考虑探测器处于非背景限情况,得出相关曲线;总结出了背景限红外探测器与光学系统工作温度之间关系的几点体会。     

Enhancing the ATIC charge resolution

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) experiment is designed to investigate the charge composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays over the energy range from about 10¹¹ to 10¹⁴ eV during Long Duration Balloon (LDB) flights from McMurdo, Antarctica. Currently, analysis from the ATIC-1 test flight and ATIC-2 science flight is underway and preparation for a second science flight is in progress. Charge identification of the incident cosmic ray is accomplished, primarily, by a pixilated Silicon Matrix detector located at the very top of the instrument. While it has been shown that the Silicon Matrix detector provides good charge identification even in the presence of electromagnetic shower backscatter from the calorimeter, the detector only measures the charge once. In this paper, we examine use of the top scintillator hodoscope detector to provide a second measure of the cosmic ray charge and, thus, improve the ATIC charge identification.     

Measurement of cosmic ray elemental composition from the CAKE balloon experiment

CAKE (Cosmic Abundances below Knee Energies) was a prototype balloon experiment for the determination of the charge spectra and abundances of the primary cosmic rays (CR) with Z > 10. It was a passive instrument made of layers of CR39® and Lexan®/Makrofol® nuclear track detectors; it had a geometric acceptance of ∼0.7 m² sr for Fe nuclei. Here, the scanning and analysis strategies, the algorithms used for the off-line filtering and for the tracking in automated mode of the primary cosmic rays are presented, together with the resulting CR charge distribution and their abundances.     

Parallel Distributed CFAR Detection Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm with Interval Encoding

Aiming at parallel distributed constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection employing K/N fusion rule, an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm with interval encoding is proposed. N-1 local probabilities of false alarm are selected as optimization variables. And the encoding intervals for local false alarm probabilities are sequentially designed by the person-by-person optimization technique according to the constraints. By turning constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization, the problem of increasing iteration times due to the punishment technique frequently adopted in the genetic algorithm is thus overcome. Then this optimization scheme is applied to spacebased synthetic aperture radar (SAR) multi-angle collaborative detection, in which the nominal factor for each local detector is determined. The scheme is verified with simulations of cases including two, three and four independent SAR systems. Besides, detection performances with varying K and N are compared and analyzed.