Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

Upper limit of the total magnetic flux in an active region according to the photometric-magnetic dynamical model

The photometric-magnetic dynamical model handles the evolution of an individual sunspot as an autonomous nonlinear, though integrable, dynamical system. One of its consequences is the prediction of an upper limit of the sunspot areas. This upper limit is analytically expressed by the model parameters, while its calculated value is verified by the observational data. In addition, an upper limit for the magnetic strength inside the sunspot is also predicted, and then, we obtain the following significant result: The upper limit of the total magnetic flux in an active region is found to be of about 7.23 × 10²³ Mx, namely, phenomenologically equal to the magnetic flux concentrated in the totality of the granules of the quiet Sun, having a typical maximum magnetic strength of about 12G. Therefore, the magnetic flux concentrated in an active region cannot exceed the magnetic flux concentrated in the photosphere as a whole.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

复合材料桨叶结构损伤演化模型

与金属材料桨叶相比,复合材料桨叶因具有更加优良的抗疲劳性能而被广泛应用到直升机旋翼上。但由于复合材料破坏机理复杂,疲劳性能分散,影响因素众多,导致复合材料桨叶疲劳现象尚处于研究探索之中,在复合材料的微观失效机制与宏观结构的力学性能之间仍然缺少一座桥。鉴于此,文章利用典型复合材料试样的拉伸疲劳实验数据,建立了基体裂纹、纤维断裂和界面脱胶等损伤变量累积模型,从断裂能的角度出发构建了基体裂纹密度、纤维断裂面积与复合材料属性之间的函数关系,分析了基体裂纹密度、纤维断裂面积等损伤变量对复合材料工程性能参数的影响。利用复合材料宏观力学理论,研究了各物理损伤变量对桨叶刚度特性的影响,采用连续损伤变量的状态方程建立了复合材料桨叶的损伤演化模型,这种以有理多项式为状态转移函数微分模型能很好地体现复合材料桨叶在疲劳初期和疲劳末期刚度快速损伤的现象。     

机载移动端场面引导软件设计与仿真研究

为了减轻飞行员在繁忙机场场面运行的工作负荷,提升场面运行安全与效率,设计了一种基于移 动电子设备运行的场面引导软件。其采用可扩展架构和模块化功能设计,通过无线通信网络与综合场面监视系 统交联,实现场面引导功能。仿真测试表明,机载移动端场面引导软件能够为飞机在场面滑行操作提供路径引 导信息和冲突告警提示,可提升运行效率和安全性,具有一定的使用价值。     

基于室内无线模型的穿墙损耗校正

K-M（Keenan-Motley）模型将单墙固定损耗值相加来计算室内无线信号穿透多墙的总损耗值,存在较大误差。针对该问题选取多种室内场景分别进行连续波（Continuous Wave,CW）测试,对无线信号穿墙损耗的影响因素和变化规律进行分析,提出了一种基于人工神经网络的室内无线模型穿墙损耗校正方法,对预处理后的测试数据进行训练并建立预测模型。经验证该预测模型符合校正判别准则,在实际场景下具有良好的预测准确度。     

考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模与评价方法

针对现有测试性增长模型忽略了测试性设计缺陷的修正延时过程,进而导致测试性增长模型（TGM）跟踪与预计精度低的问题,提出了一种考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模理论与方法。首先分析测试性设计缺陷识别与修正之间的延时机理,得到剩余测试性设计缺陷（TDL）具有先增后减的铃形变化趋势;在此基础上,分别以Gamma、Raleigh和Delay-S 3种曲线拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷（RTDL）变化趋势,研究建立基于以上3种曲线考虑修正延时的测试性增长模型;最后,以某机载稳定跟踪平台测试性增长试验数据验证测试性增长模型拟合、跟踪及预计效能。研究结果表明：基于该测试性增长试验数据,Gamma曲线可以精确地拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷变化规律,测试性增长模型跟踪和预计精度可达到10^-2数量级。     

蜂窝状薄壁管拉伸时的内陷分析

蜂窝材料因具备广阔的结构设计空间,已广泛应用于航空航天等工业领域。探索蜂窝元胞的组织结构、组分性质与材料整体性能之间的关系有助于新型功能性材料的设计开发。本文从非平面Vertex模型的势能形式出发,结合蜂窝薄壁圆管拉伸时的轴对称特征,通过变分法得到了圆管拉伸时母线满足的控制方程,揭示了边界效应是蜂窝状薄壁圆管受拉时产生内陷的原因,并结合母线控制方程的若干特解,考察了非平面Vertex模型势能形式中包含的材料性质参数与圆管拉伸后内陷程度及范围的关系。研究还指出,蜂窝材料的材料性质包含在非平面Vertex模型的势能形式中,为蜂窝状材料整体性能的研究提供了一种新的思路。     

振动切削——薄壁零件加工的新技术

采用三维振动试验台,对不锈钢制做的薄壁测试模型进行了加工试验,实验结果表明,振动切削方法能够加工达到薄壁测试模型各项技术要求的零件,是薄壁零件加工的新技术。