The statistical treatment implemented to obtain the planetary protection bioburdens for the Mars Science Laboratory mission

NASA Planetary Protection Policy requires that Category IV missions such as those going to the surface of Mars include detailed assessment and documentation of the bioburden on the spacecraft at launch. In the prior missions to Mars, the approaches used to estimate the bioburden could easily be conservative without penalizing the project because spacecraft elements such as the descent and landing stages had relatively small surface areas and volumes. With the advent of a large spacecraft such as Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), it became necessary for a modified—still conservative but more pragmatic—statistical treatment be used to obtain the standard deviations and the bioburden densities at about the 99.9% confidence limits. This article describes both the Gaussian and Poisson statistics that were implemented to analyze the bioburden data from the MSL spacecraft prior to launch. The standard deviations were weighted by the areas sampled with each swab or wipe. Some typical cases are given and discussed.     

星座备份策略研究进展

针对星座卫星在轨运行时因操作或故障导致星座服务性能下降的现象，综述了星座备份策略研究的进展。首先，概述了导航星座、通信星座的基本情况和备份现状，归纳出不同星座的备份策略。其次，重点阐述了3种不同的星座备份策略模式，即在轨备份、停泊轨道备份及地面备份，给出了3种备份策略模式的特点。在此基础上，分别从卫星故障模式、卫星可靠性、卫星可用性、星座状态概率和星座系统可用性5个方面梳理了国内外星座备份策略关键因素的研究进展。再次，综述了目前星座备份策略分析的主要模型和方法，包括Petri网、马尔可夫链以及存储论。最后，对未来星座备份策略研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

强非线性自由振动问题的一种解法

本文用改进了的L－P法研究了一类保守系统强非线性自由振动问题；在此基础上，用插值摄动法[1]进一步研究了更一般的非保守系统的自由振动问题。算例表明，本文方法是可靠的。     

同时纠检错时某些线性分组码的不可检错误概率

研究同时纠错和检错时，线性分组码的不可检错误概率，证明了二元完备码及其扩展码是最佳纠检错码，而某些ＢＣＨ码不是最佳纠检错码。     

基于多传感器的裂纹扩展监测研究

疲劳裂纹扩展是结构健康监测的主要问题之一，为了保证金属结构的可靠和安全运行，实时监测结构的疲劳裂纹扩展过程十分必要。针对结构裂纹扩展的问题，采用压电传感器（PZT）和电阻应变片两种传感器，提出结合能够连续监测结构损伤的被动监测方法以及对微小损伤敏感的主动监测方法对裂纹扩展进行综合监测，以提高裂纹扩展的监测水平。采用随机森林算法对裂纹长度进行识别，并使用D-S证据理论对两种传感器的识别结果进行数据融合，得到比单一传感器更准确、可靠的裂纹扩展识别结果。进行了基于应变和主动Lamb波的裂纹扩展监测实验研究，验证了该方法对提高裂纹扩展监测识别准确率的有效性和实用性。     

A novel variable-lag probability hypothesis density smoother for multi-target tracking

It is understood that the forward-backward probability hypothesis density (PHD) smoothing algorithms proposed recently can significantly improve state estimation of targets. However, our analyses in this paper show that they cannot give a good cardinality (i.e., the number of targets) estimate. This is because backward smoothing ignores the effect of temporary track drop- ping caused by forward filtering and/or anomalous smoothing resulted from deaths of targets. To cope with such a problem, a novel PHD smoothing algorithm, called the variable-lag PHD smoother, in which a detection process used to identify whether the filtered cardinality varies within the smooth lag is added before backward smoothing, is developed here. The analytical results show that the proposed smoother can almost eliminate the influences of temporary track dropping and anomalous smoothing, while both the cardinality and the state estimations can significantly be improved. Simulation results on two multi-target tracking scenarios verify the effectiveness of the proposed smoother.     

政府管制的经济学分析

20世纪70年代以后，随着滞胀现象的出现和新古典宏观经济学的兴起，凯恩斯主义面临理论和实践的双重挑战，政府能否、怎样干预经济活动以及政府政策是否有效，成为西方经济学界争论的热点问题之一。文章把政府作为市场经济中与企业、居民并列的市场行为主体，对政府管制的收益成本进行比较，以管制经济学的视角从微观的角度对政府和市场的关系进行分析，并以市场绩效为主线，从经济学的视角对政府管制进行了理论探讨。     

复合固体推进剂颗粒相互作用的增强效应分析

应用Ｅｓｈｅｌｂｙ－Ｍｏｒｉ－Ｔａｎａｋａ的细观力学理论，考虑两种类型颗粒之间相互作用的影响，从颗粒与基体的本构关系出发，计入更多的微细观信息，从而建立了更加合理的复合固体推进剂线粘弹本构方程。     

EUV Observations Above Polar Coronal Holes

We derive electron temperature and density as a function of height up to 0.2 R_⊙ above the limb in polar coronal holes, using five EUV data sets recorded by the SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer between July 1997 and February 1998. Radial T and N distributions, averaged in a 2° to 10° range of position angles, are the same above the North and South coronal holes. They do not show any time variability over a period of seven months. Polar plumes are found to have lower electron temperature and higher density than the interplume lanes. The electron density slope suggests that the proton temperatures are twice as high as the electron temperatures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

图论中最短路径问题的解法

图论在解决运筹学、网络理论、控制论等领域的问题中显示出优越性。特别是最短路径问题被广泛的应用在工程、运输等方面，尤其在运筹学模型中最短路径问题已是不可缺少的一种方法。因此就其运算解法进行了编译，并用VC 、Madab两种程序完成其算法以寻求较快捷的解法。