Systematic centroid error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF in an electronic star map simulator

Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型

采用实验与反演相结合的方法构建了端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂/衬层界面的率相关的内聚力模型.采用改进的单搭接试件完成了HTPB推进剂/衬层界面的断裂实验研究,采用内聚力单元方法对单搭接试件进行了数值研究,结合基于Hook-Jeeves优化算法的反演识别程序,获取了不同加载率下的界面断裂参数.由于界面断裂参数具有明显的率相关性,通过构建率相关的损伤函数,构建了基于双线性内聚力模型的率相关HTPB推进剂/衬层界面Ⅱ型内聚力模型.模型预测结果和实验结果的对比相关系数大于99%,说明本文所建立的 率相关内聚力模型具有较高的准确性,能够准确描述加载率为5~200mm/min时推进剂/衬层界面的断裂性质.      

SVM在气体减压器稳定性能中的应用

使用支持向量机(SVM)研究涡轮气封减压试验系统中高压卸荷膜片式减压器的稳定性问题,主要集中于以往方法不易涉及的多结构参数变化.针对稀疏易有残缺的小样本空间,与BP(back propagation)神经网络模型进行对比,得出SVM方法在所研究数据集上的一些结论:SVM模型预测性能在多结构参数变化情形下优于BP神经网络模型,预测误差平均降低了25.5%;SVM的泛化性好于BP;在双参数、三参数情形下,SVM模型为气体减压器的设计提供了更好的决策支持,给出了优化结构参数的设计建议.      

欠频响压力探针测量压气机动态流场的结果分析

压气机内部流动具有很强的非定常特征,尤其是小尺寸发动机叶片通过频率高达30～80 kHz,而动态压力探针的响应频率只能与叶片通过频率相当,采用其测量不易获得具体的高频流场结构.为了研究这种欠频响情况下测得流场与真实流场的差异,以某低速压气机为对象进行了模拟研究.采用频响为420 Hz的动态压力探针及频响大干33 kHz的单斜丝热线探针,测量了叶片通过频率为303 Hz的转子出口流场.修正了动态压力探针的容腔效应对测得流场的影响,校验了在测试系统响应频率较低时,修正后流场与热线测得的参考流场之间的差异.对比结果表明:原始流场压力信号的部分频率成分产生了较大偏差,出口截面流场的周向位置有较大误差.经修正后,周向位置较为准确,泄漏堵塞区域形态以及强度都与参考流场的更为接近,但由于尾迹区存在部分高频,修正后结果与参考流场的差异仍较明显.     

酚醛浸渍碳烧蚀体(PICA)的制备、结构及性能

采用热塑性酚醛树脂溶液浸渍碳毡,经过溶胶-凝胶反应和常压干燥后,制备出一系列不同密度的酚醛浸渍烧蚀体(PICA)(0.27~0.47 g/cm3)材料,并系统研究了不同密度的PICA碳化前后微观形貌、力学性能及隔热性能的变化规律。结果表明:PICA具有典型的碳纤维增强酚醛气凝胶复合结构。不同密度的PICA均具有优异的力学性能和隔热性能,且弯曲强度为2.2~16.5 MPa,热导率为56~62 m W/(m·K)。在密度为0.40 g/cm3时,PICA弯曲强度最大,热导率最低。进一步通过1 000℃高温处理之后,相应的C-PICA材料仍然表现出轻质、高强、低热导率的特征。     

A seventh-order model for dynamic response of an electro-hydraulic servo valve

In this paper, taking two degrees of freedom on the armature–flapper assembly into account, a seventh-order model is deduced and proposed for the dynamic response of a two-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve from nonlinear equations. These deductions are based on fundamental laws of electromagnetism, fluid, and general mechanics. The coefficients of the proposed seventhorder model are derived in terms of servo valve physical parameters and fluid properties explicitly.For validating the results of the proposed model, an AMESim simulation model based on physical laws and the existing low-order models validated by other researchers through experiments are used to compare with the seventh-order model. The results show that the seventh-order model can reflect the physical behavior of the servo valve more explicitly than the existing low-order models and it could provide guidance more easily for a linear control design approach and sensitivity analysis than the AMESim simulation model.     

基于改进模糊c-均值数据预处理方法的研究

在数据预处理过程中模糊c-均值对初值的设定非常敏感,如果初值设置不好容易陷入局部最优解。提出了用减法聚类对模糊c-均值进行初值设定的方法,并把其应用到了模糊规则的生成过程中,通过实验可知应用此种方法不但可以得到全局最优解,加快收敛速度而且不必事先给定聚类个数,所以这是一种行之有效的数据预处理方法。     

全柔性微型机构的拓扑优化设计技术研究

提出一种全柔性机构拓扑优化设计的新方法。用折衷规划法建立了柔性机构的多目标优化设计模型,在优化目标中引入运动学函数和结构函数分别表示柔性机构设计对机构柔性和结构刚度的要求,并采用伴随敏度分析法进行优化设计的敏度分析。将传统凸规划方法中的移动渐近线方法(MMA)推广到连续体的结构拓扑优化设计中,并形成一种新的具有全局收敛特点的移动渐近线方法(GCMMA)。对柔性机构拓扑优化设计中出现的数值计算困难问题进行了分析和研究,并提出一种改进的SIMP密度-刚度插值模型,该模型能有效消除机构中出现的棋盘格式和网格依赖性,并能明显减弱单点铰链连接问题。通过典型算例证明了本文方法的有效性,并对算例结果进行了快速原型制造。     

蜂窝填充薄壁盒式梁的约束弯曲

在刚性剖面假设的基础上分析具有蜂窝芯材薄壁盒式梁约束弯曲问题。应用分离变量法,建立并求解了两个常微分支配方程。边界条件可以精确满足,同时,解答是用本征函数展开式表达的。剪力图是由三角级数表示的,并用于决定上述本征函数展开式的待定系数。计算结果给出了蒙皮正应力与剪应力以及蜂窝芯材剪应力沿翼弦和翼展的分布规律并显示了附加应力的衰减情况。