Regional gravity field model in Pakistan area from the combination of CHAMP,GRACE and ground data using least squares collocation: A case study

This study describes a methodology of recovery of the Earth’s gravity field from CHAMP and GRACE satellites data in Pakistan using least squares collocation (LSC) based downward continuation technique. The CHAMP height anomalies and GRACE gravity disturbances derived from the observed satellite data have been used in combination solution using LSC with observed gravity values at the Earth surface. The combined covariance functions of height anomalies and/or gravity disturbances at satellite altitudes and observed gravity anomalies at Earth surface have been used as the basis for combination and downward continuation solution. The variance of predicted gravity anomalies from GRACE gravity disturbances is relatively lower than the corresponding results of gravity anomalies from CHAMP height anomalies. This fact may be attributed partly to the amplification of noise and partly to the unstable inverse transformation process of height anomalies to gravity anomalies. The impact of data error variance has been studied in the context of smoothing and noise reduction in the final solution of downward continuation using least squares collocation. The raising of data error suppresses the noise and as a result a smooth final solution is obtained. The prediction results appear to be dependent on the quality of data and goodness of combined covariance function, which are fairly comparable for the CHAMP and GRACE data. The recovered gravity field from satellite data appears to contribute mainly to medium and long wavelength parts of total gravity field spectrum. Due to flexibility of data handling in least squares collocation, this procedure is applicable to any observable of gravity field being at different altitudes and with different data spacing.     

以损失函数为基础的驾驶姿势不便度评价

为了将人体模型运用于汽车开发,引入了损失函数的概念并开发了姿势函数。有关姿势的‘损失’是测定各种姿势下所感到的不适度而给出的定义。按膝盖、臀部(身躯)、肩膀、肘部4个关节各导出了损失函数,而且为了预测驾驶员可能综合地感到的姿势不适度以各个损失函数值为独立变量导出了姿势函数。在对姿势不适度的推定正确度方面评价导出函数的适应性结果,已确认了能得出与实际值非常相似的值,有望应用于车辆的设计。     

论政府经济职能与非经济职能的关系

政府职能是由政府经济职能与政府非经济职能(包括政治职能和社会职能)构成的职能体系.政府经济职能与非经济职能是政府应该履行的不同职能,两者之间存在着相同之处,也存在着不同之处;两者相互依存,相互制约.政府经济职能目标与非经济职能目标既存在协调的一面,也存在相冲突的一面.在政府要实现的职能目标中,政府优先选择的顺序是不同的,政府经济职能与非经济职能之间相互依存、相互制约的关系决定了政府职能机构体系的复杂性,也决定了政府要有效地履行其职能,就必须使政府各职能部门相互配合和协调.     

MATLAB与C＋＋结合复杂动态对象仿真建模方法

MATLAB/S imu link是一个强大的自动控制系统工程仿真工具,但在进行复杂动态对象仿真建模时需要大量的S imu link模块的堆叠,难度之大使得实现建模上花费的时间预计占系统开发周期的大半,而且得到的仿真模块通常具有可读性差、容易出错等缺点,运行时占用大量的系统时间和内存空间,对其进行调试和修改也很困难。本文介绍了作者探寻的使用MATLAB/S imu link结合C++编写成的现成类库进行复杂对象仿真建模方法,详细论述了C++m ex函数工程创建编译的过程和利用m ex函数和S imu link S-function进行复杂动态对象整体仿真建模的思路。通过应用实践表明,这种仿真建模方法不但减少了重复劳动的代价,加速了自动控制系统设计周期,使得复杂动态对象仿真模块简洁高效,还可以起到保护数据安全和知识产权的作用。     

Progress in the Study of Galaxies: Structures,Collective Phenomena and Methods

The review contains the important achievements in dynamics of the galactic disks. Among them there are I. New structures discovered recently: • giant vortices (including giant anticyclone in the Solar vicinity); • slow bar; • inner oscillating structure within spiral arms similar that of enveloped soliton; • chaotic streamlines in the velocity field of the gaseous disk of a real galaxy. II. New collective phenomina discovered recently: • new overreflection instability initiating ‘mini-spiral’ in the innermost central parsec of Galaxy; • large-scale convection caused by nonlinear interaction of density wave with disk gas; • non-kolmogorovian spectrum of weak turbulence corresponding to the observed one in the • Solar vicinity. III. New methods worked out recently: • reconstruction of full three-dimensional vector field of gas velocity from the observed line-of- • sight velocity field; • observational test for verification of the wave-nature of the spiral arms; • observational test to distinguish two types of vertical motions: warp and z-motions in the • density wave; • derivation of correct system of two-dimensional dynamical equations from the initial three- • dimensional one. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

将一个偶数表为两个素数的二进伪和

进一步研究了作者最近提出的一个猜想:每个正偶数,均可表示成两个奇素数的二进伪和,且其表法有无穷多种。利用个人计算机,将猜想的验证范围由107扩大至109,并对表法数目的渐近公式进行了探讨。在某些方面,新猜想与著名的孪生素数猜想有一定的相似之处:如,当偶数为2的幂时,其两种表法在给定的素数范围内的数目几乎相同,且都比其他偶数的要小;对同一个偶数,两种表法数目随素数范围增大的速率基本一致。但在另一些方面,新猜想又表现出与孪生素数猜想迥异的特点,如一个偶数表成两个素数二进伪和的表法数目,并不取决于它的奇素因子,而似乎与其最大奇因子或二进制表示有关。     

飞机调压系统传递函数的建立及动态分析

本文说明如何建立飞机ＰＷＭ晶体管调压器的传递函数，包括：检比电路；调制、整形放大电路；功率放大电路及校正网络的传递函数。阐明了用实验法求取交流发电机的传递函数，及对飞机调压系统动态分析的基本方法。     

足球机器人比赛中决策策略的动态选择算法

本文提出了一种分层递阶式足球机器人决策子系统的设计，并针对在视觉子系统不采集对方球员信息的情况下，给出了实力对比函数的概念和决策策略的动态选择算法。通过在MiroSoft系统中的实验证明了这是一种有效的策略选择算法。     

样条函数在估算飞机气动参数中的应用

根据气动参数估算的需要，分析了样条函数的基本概念，方程及三次插值样条函数在参数估算中的应用，以某歼击机全机平衡升力线斜率对马赫数的偏导数为例，用三次插值样条函数对其进行了估算。     

再人飞行器脉动压力环境的分析与预测

本文分析了机动再入飞行器因非定常空气动力流动引起的物面脉动压力环境,并根据高超声速无粘流计算的表面压力分布,给出了一套预测各种脉动压力环境统计特性的工程计算公式。算例表明,预测的均方根脉动压力、功率谱密度和交叉功率谱密度与实验值是一致的。