基于核主成分分析的空域复杂度无监督评估

空域复杂度评估作为衡量空域运行态势、管制员工作压力的关键手段,是运行调控的基础。由于影响因素众多,不同因素间耦合关联复杂,且标定样本很难获取,空域复杂度的准确评估被公认为航空领域的一个挑战性问题。提出了一种空域复杂度的无监督评估方法。首先通过核主成分分析挖掘原始样本各维度的非线性耦合关系,准确提取能够最大化复杂度评估信息量的主成分,进一步设计了可按需定制的主成分聚类方法,实现了无监督条件下空域复杂度的准确评估,为空域划分、流量管理提供了有效的技术支撑。     

再生型木塑复合材料的研究

为了充分利用城市固体废弃物中的各项资源,本项工作将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(H igh dens itypo lyethy lene,HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维进行复合,成功地制备出再生型木塑复合材料。研究了木纤维长度、含量以及相容剂对木塑复合材料热性能和力学性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的冲击断口形貌,分析了此类复合材料的断裂机制。结果表明:木纤维的加入使HDPE的结晶温度降低,结晶速度减慢;相容剂的加入大大改善了木纤维与基体树脂之间的界面结合。随着木纤维含量的增加,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度升高,冲击强度下降。     

A global survey of COSMIC ionospheric peak electron density and its height: A comparison with ground-based ionosonde measurements

With a network of ground-based ionosondes distributed around the world, the ionospheric peak electron density and its height measured by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites in terms of GPS radio occultation technique are extensively examined in this article. It is found that, in spite of the latitude, the mean values of the peak electron density measured by COSMIC satellites are systematically smaller than those observed by ground-based ionosondes. The discrepancy between them is dependent on the latitude, namely, it is small in low and mid-latitudes and large in high-latitude region. Moreover, statistical analysis shows that the slopes of the regression line that is best fitted to the scatter diagram of occultation-retrieved peak electron density (ordinate axis) versus ionosonde-observed peak density (abscissa axis) are universally less than one. This feature is believed to be the result of path average effect of non-uniform distribution of the electron density along the GSP ray during the occultation. A comparison between COSMIC-measured peak height and ionosonde-derived peak height hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. The difference in the two can be as large as 20% or more in equatorial and low-latitude regions. This result implies that the peak height hmF2 derived from the virtual height through true height analysis based on Titheridge method seems to underestimate the true peak height. The correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde peak electron densities is analyzed and the result reveals that correlation coefficient seems to be dependent on the fluctuation of the occultation-retrieved electron density profile. The correlation will be higher (lower) for the electron density profiles with smaller (larger) fluctuations. This feature suggests that the inhomogeneous distribution of the electron density along the GPS ray path during the occultation plays an important role affecting the correlation between COSMIC and ionosonde measurements.     

Study of maximum electron density NmF2 at Karachi and Islamabad during solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and its comparison with IRI

The monthly hourly medians of maximum electron density, N_mF₂, at two Pakistani ionospheric stations, Karachi and Islamabad, have been determined for solar minimum (1996) and solar maximum (2000) and compared with IRI predictions using the URSI coefficients. At night and pre-noon period the N_mF₂ values at both stations are almost equal during the 2 years. However, at post-noon the values at Karachi are considerably larger than those at Islamabad due to the equatorial or geomagnetic anomaly. Karachi (geomag. coord. 16.44°N, 139.08°E) lies near the region of the equatorial anomaly (+20 and −20 geomagnetic latitude), so most of the N_mF₂ values at Karachi are larger than those at Islamabad (geomag. coord. 24.46°N, 145.67°E). The maximum monthly values of N_mF₂ show a semi-annual variation at Karachi and Islamabad both during 1996 and 2000 as predicted by IRI.     

矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的碰壁条件

分析了矩形截面管道气流中横向运动颗粒的运动轨迹及碰壁条件,研究表明颗粒飞出的临界速度随着颗粒直径的增大而减小,当颗粒直径较小时受来流密度、马赫数影响较大,总趋势是来流密度、马赫数越大,颗粒越不容易与上壁面碰撞。但随着颗粒直径的增大,来流条件对颗粒是否碰壁的影响逐渐减弱,决定因素是颗粒直径的大小和颗粒的喷射速度。     

基于改进的模糊C-Means航迹聚类方法研究

为指导飞行程序的改善和发现管制员的指挥模式,在分析历史飞行航迹特征基础上,应用最小描绘长度(MDL)原理对航迹特征点进行划分,运用融合了遗传算法和模拟退火算法的改进的模糊C-Means算法对特征点进行聚类,通过最长公共子序列(LCS)算法得到航迹相似性矩阵,利用矩阵得到航迹簇,最后形成中心航迹,算例仿真验证了新算法的有效性.     

基于划分检测模型的终端区异常轨迹检测方法

针对异常轨迹对轨迹聚类效果的影响以及给进离场程序管制适用性的量化分析提供分析数据的考虑,在结合数据挖掘中异常检测理论的基础上,利用划分检测框架及将距离和密度结合起来,设计了一种有效检测算法,运用到终端区飞行轨迹的异常检测当中,检测出飞行轨迹中的异常轨迹,从而改善轨迹的聚类效果。实例仿真结果表明：方法可以准确地检测出异常轨迹。     

微纳InSAR卫星总体技术研究

微纳合成孔径雷达干涉(Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, InSAR)卫星是对地定量化遥感的重要手段。开展了微纳InSAR卫星系统总体技术研究,给出了使得干涉测量覆盖范围最大的双星编队构型设计方法,建立了低燃料消耗双星轨道参数设计准则,提出高功能密度比InSAR卫星系统的设计方法,包括载荷平台一体化、卫星高集成模块化等总体设计方法,并给出了相应的设计实例。     

密集杂波背景下的水下多目标跟踪方法

水下多目标跟踪是水声信号处理领域研究的热点和难点问题。高斯混合概率假设密度(Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density, GM-PHD)滤波器以其高效的计算效率为解决水下多目标跟踪问题提供了保证。然而,GM-PHD滤波器在跟踪目标时需要先验已知新生目标的强度,否则其性能会出现严重退化。针对该问题,提出一种滑动窗两步初始化高斯混合概率假设密度(sliding window two step initialization GM-PHD, SWTSI-GMPHD)滤波器。将提出的滑动窗两步初始化方法嵌入GM-PHD滤波器,利用滑动窗两步初始化方法估计新生目标强度,减少杂波干扰导致跟踪结果中出现的虚假目标。仿真实验表明,在杂波密集环境下,相较于其他跟踪方法,提出方法将跟踪精度提高69.84%,52.62%和41.05%。     

高空羽流撞击效应试验研究

试验研究了低密度环境下小发动机喷管高空羽流对平板模型的撞击效应。试验在高超声速低密度风洞中进行,试验气体选为氮气。对3个不同几何形状的小发动机喷管的共40个试验状态进行了测量,测出了平板模型上的表面压力分布,并对试验结果进行了初步分析。文章为研究数值模拟高空羽流撞击效应提供了试验证据。