三维驻点可压缩边界层计算

本文对三维物体的驻点可压缩边界层问题进行计算研究。通过引入自动满足连续方程的两分量矢量函数和适当的坐标变换后所得到的边界层方程组虽然有了很大的简化,但是它的求解仍是一个八阶非线性边值问题。文中采用高效率的分步计算方法于边界层计算中,使得系数块矩阵从8×8阶降为三组2×2阶,这样大大简化了方程和减少了计算机时。本文还研究了一些重要参数,例如主速度梯度比,Prandtl数以及与壁面热交换有关的参数等对驻点边界层流场的影响。各种算例的结果显示,计算值与有关文献的完全一致。     

CAD技术在牙齿上下颌模型虚拟对位中的应用

采用上下颌模型牙尖交错牙合的虚拟对位技术,解决了在口外获取缺牙对颌牙牙合面三维数据的问题。首先通过构造圆柱面上点的高斯图和任意采样的方法,计算出简单牙合架转动轴线方程。然后鉴于牙合面结构的复杂性和非凸性,引入了一种基于图像的快速碰撞检测方法,用于检查上下颌牙齿的对位情况。该方法通过在上颌左右第一磨牙近中舌尖处建立透视视景体,利用O penGL的选择模式,可以实时地检测下颌模型绕牙合架转动轴线旋转过程中与上颌模型碰撞对位情况,效率很高。最终建立了上下颌全牙列牙尖交错位的牙合面间关系,为缺牙牙合面虚拟咬合调整初步奠定了基础。     

对动矩心的动量矩定量的探讨

本文从动静法的角度，以牵连运动为平动的动点为矩心，根据惯性力的定义，引入质点牵连惯性力，成功地证明了动量矩定量，得出了动量矩定量的一般表达式，并对其结果进行了讨论。     

基于纯策略的灰矩阵二人有限零和博弈模型研究

运用灰色系统理论分析和研究了基于纯策略的灰矩阵二人有限零和最保守博弈决策问题。研究了灰博弈损益值矩阵的特性，构建了该问题的数学模型．提出并证明了该PI题的局中人各单方面和整体的灰矩阵二人有限零和最保守博弈决策有解的充分必要条件，提出了该问题解的灰鞍点概念。在此基础上，用该灰矩阵博弈理论来解决某单位冬季取暖用煤的采购决策问题，取得了良好效果。     

验证灰尘气体中驻点热流率增大机理的方法

笔者介绍了一种验证灰尘气体中驻点热流率增大机理的方法。在灰尘负荷率相同 ,微粒速度相近条件下完成激波管 2e区实验气流分别为亚声速与超声速的实验。实验结果表明 ,含灰气流中驻点热流率增大只与灰粒速度有关。     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

基于磁记忆技术对含缺陷焊缝的疲劳试验

对含有不同隐形损伤的40Cr焊板进行射线检测、疲劳试验和正交磁记忆信号测量，探索试件在疲劳应力作用下磁记忆信号的变化特征。试验结果表明：单一测量方式下的磁特征值不能表征焊板在疲劳循环载荷下的变化特征，所得结论存在偶然性；研究发现，可用磁场矢量梯度积分特征和磁场矢量合成梯度特征来评价焊板的疲劳损伤过程，并建立了以磁场矢量梯度特征为损伤参量的疲劳损伤模型，从而可以对含有隐形损伤焊接构件的疲劳寿命进行定量评估，为金属磁记忆技术在焊接缺陷定量评价上的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

Satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning using BeiDou-2 and BeiDou-3 multi-frequency signals

To realize the smooth transition from regional BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-2) to the global one (BDS-3), the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3 is important for providing continuous, stable and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for global users. This work used 154 globally distributed multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) experiment stations spanning 30 days to analyze the satellite availability and positioning performance of uncombined precise point positioning (UC-PPP) under current BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations. We focused on three issues: the influence of BDS-3 receiver tracking abilities, the positioning performance among different areas, and the benefit of multi-frequency observations. The results show that the elliptical zone caused by poor BDS-2 satellite visibility is disappeared when the evenly distributed BDS-3 medium earth orbit satellites are introduced. When BDS-3 are integrated with BDS-2, the area with the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) less than 2 can be expanded to 75° S-75° N and 30° E-150° W. The positioning performance of BDS-3 and BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP are seriously affected by the receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3 signals. When the maximum pseudo-random noise sequences (PRNs) of BDS-3 satellites tracked by stations are within 30 or 37, the positioning accuracy of static UC-PPP can be improved by 22.94% or 8.27% due to the integration of BDS-2 and BDS-3. Besides, the most improvement of BDS-2 and BDS-3 integration is achieved in Asia-Pacific regions, especially for the kinematic UC-PPP or the poor receiver tracking abilities of BDS-3. Similar to the multi-frequency BDS-2 UC-PPP, the benefit of multi-frequency signals for BDS-3 or BDS-2/BDS-3 UC-PPP is also non-vital. The three-dimensional positioning accuracy of BDS-2/BDS-3 multi-frequency UC-PPP in static mode and kinematic mode are 2.24 cm and 5.39 cm, while the corresponding convergence time are 49.62 min and 73.80 min, respectively. Compared with BDS-2, both the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of BDS-2/BDS-3 joint UC-PPP are improved by approximately over 50%, which indicates that BDS-3 has a great potential to provide high-quality PNT services as other global navigation satellite systems.     

CE5T拓展试验轨道精度分析

针对嫦娥5T服务舱(CE5T)拓展试验中的绕地大椭圆轨道，分析了轨道动力学演化趋势，通过测轨数据类型组合策略分析了统一S频段测量(USB)和甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)在定轨中的贡献，得到了百米级的精密定轨精度；针对地月第二平动点(L2)绕飞轨道，分析了地心和月心积分的轨道动力学差异，制定了精密定轨的参数求解策略，得到了百米级的精密定轨精度；针对月球交会对接轨道的特点，选取三种不同的重力场模型定轨，比较了三者在轨道预报和数据拟合的差异，并与嫦娥3号(CE3)环月轨道的定轨精度进行比对，验证了不同重力场的适用范围，从计算精度和效率两方面制定了优化的定轨策略。     

高超声速气动加热关联方法的适应性分析

针对高超声速飞行器热环境预测上有着重要应用的关联方法缺乏构造机制和适应性分析的问题，从驻点热流的Kemp-Riddell公式出发，推导了驻点斯坦顿数和雷诺数之间的经典关联关系，从理论上分析了上述关系的适应性。结果显示斯坦顿数和雷诺数关联关系受马赫数的制约，飞行条件和试验条件马赫数变化范围较大的情况下，更适合采用雷诺数和马赫数的组合变量开展关联分析。当试验来流静焓较低的情况下，过低静焓对热环境的关联特性有不利影响，需要提高试验来流马赫数，远离临界马赫数确保地面数据同飞行条件之间的关联性。在国内4座风洞上开展的风洞试验和DSMC/CFD的数值仿真分析工作，校验了上述结论在连续流区域的正确性。