试论西南航空重庆公司国内航线经营发展对策

目前,我国空运市场发展不景气,全行业运输增长减缓,航空公司普遍亏损,市场竞争无序,行业结构性矛盾日益突出。由于国内航线经营是我国航空公司最重要的主营业务,因而搞好国内航线经营是提高航空公司经济效益,摆脱目前困境的根本途径。现拟从西南航空重庆公司的发展现状入手,找出目前公司自身的优势及劣势,并对国内空运市场现状进行分析,寻找问题产生的原因。同时,着重分析影响国内航线经营发展的因素,提出西南航空重庆公司国内航线经营发展的对策。     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

现代股份公司中股东监督存在的缺陷与对策

中小股东也是股份公司中股东的重要组成部分,由于他们所占股份有限,就决定了他们对股份公司监督的权力的限制,当大股东从其自身的利益出发而滥用其表决权时,中小股东就只能遭受损失。如何保护中小股东的利益不受侵害,如何行之有效地行使中小股东的监督权,防止大股东表决权的滥用,是值得研究的问题。     

飞机大部件自动对接同步调姿方法

提出了飞机大部件自动对接同步调姿方法,实现了大部件调姿基准点的连续自动跟踪测量和位姿连续调整.在此基础上开发了集测量场构建、大部件位姿解算和调整等功能于一体的大部件自动对接集成控制软件,并在ARJ21飞机翼身自动对接现场进行了应用试验,结果证明该方法能有效完成飞机翼身自动对接过程,提高测量和对接效率.     

基于进化策略的飞行控制系统优化

针对飞行控制系统控制器参数优化问题,提出了一种基于反馈和共享机制的改进进化策略。将各代当前最优搜索结果和共享度信息反馈到变异步长的更新公式中,达到提高算法全局搜索能力和搜索精度的目的。将此策略应用于某型飞机的横侧向飞行控制系统的参数优化之中,仿真结果表明,该优化策略能够快速有效地整定飞行控制系统参数。     

航空发动机环形燃烧室噪声总声级的GMDH方法研究

采用数据处理的组合方法（GMDH）,研究航空发动机环形燃烧室测试数据。通过简单的二元二次回归原理来构造出下一代较为复杂的次级回归方程,并且利用＂优选原理＂淘汰掉次级回归方程中的那些不理想的项,得到燃烧室噪声总声级的高阶方程,获得较客观的描写复杂非线性系统的非线性模式。     

考虑输入饱和的航天器相对运动鲁棒自适应控制

 研究了在输入饱和约束条件下的航天器相对运动的姿态和轨道一体化控制问题。首先,基于单位对偶四元数给出了航天器6自由度相对运动的数学模型,利用误差对偶四元数来描述航天器的相对姿态和相对位置。接着,针对输入饱和问题,提出了一种对航天器模型参数不确定性和外部有界干扰具有较强鲁棒性的自适应控制器,并通过李雅普诺夫方法从理论上严格证明了整个闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。最后,通过数值仿真来验证设计方法的有效性和可行性,并且与其他方法进行了比较,结果表明设计的方法能够抑制输入饱和的问题,在性能上具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。     

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

正交各向异性韧性材料的损伤力学

 以含内变量的不可逆热力学基本原理,最小强度原理、正交性流动法则,以及Hill所定义的有效应力等为基础,引入含内损伤变量的比自由能和塑性势,建立了正交各向异性韧性材料的损伤模型和损伤演化方程。并用正交各向异性板材破坏成形的实验数据对本文所建立的损伤演化方程作了验证,结果表明,该模型和损伤演化方程是合理的。     

飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔随机裂纹扩展分析

根据7475T761铝合金犬骨型试样在随机谱载荷作用下的试验结果,采用两种随机裂纹扩展分析的方法,即通用的和解析的分析方法,研究了飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔中疲劳裂纹扩展的概率累积损伤,给出了概率裂纹扩展轨迹、裂纹扩展损伤累积分布及裂纹超出数的概率。试验结果与预测结果的比较表明,两者十分吻合,能满足工程精度的要求,为飞机结构的耐久性和损伤容限评估提供了适用的分析手段。