航天器相对运动建模及周期性相对运动求解

面向航天器编队飞行的需求,对椭圆参考轨道航天器非线性周期相对运动条件进行研究,提出了确定椭圆参考轨道编队航天器非线性周期性相对运动条件的新方法。首先,考虑非线性、椭圆轨道等因素,通过哈密尔顿-雅可比(HJ)方程和正则摄动理论,推导了在任意非线性摄动下相对运动的模型和获得不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道的条件;然后,采用时域配点法,结合改进的列文伯格-马夸尔特(LM)法对周期性相对运动的初值进行求解;最后,设计数值仿真算例,利用上述条件,得到不消耗任何燃料的周期性绕飞轨道,由此验证了本文所提模型和方法的正确性。     

航天器两自由度扫描镜图像运动补偿技术研究

研究航天器的两自由度扫描镜图像运动补偿问题。在姿态估计信息的基础上,给出了一种运动补偿算法。算法中不仅补偿了姿态估计信息,还同时考虑了姿态信息中的长周期系统误差。利用扫描镜在特定工作模式下相对惯性空间的准确定向能力和系统误差的长周期特性,给出了一种系统误差的估计和补偿算法,每隔一定的时间段对系统误差估计值进行更新并加以补偿,进一步提高了扫描精度。基于一颗地球静止轨道卫星的数值仿真结果验证了补偿算法的有效性。     

无人机栖落机动建模与轨迹优化

对固定翼无人飞行器栖落机动的纵向运动进行了气动特性建模与轨迹优化设计。通过运动捕捉系统测量获得试验滑翔机实时飞行数据,并结合统计学原理和平板气动理论建立了气动模型和动力学模型。针对所建立的模型采用GPOPS优化工具箱设计了栖落机动标称轨迹。优化结果表明,不同初始速度条件下执行栖落机动的空间需求不同,但最终都可以实现以相同的栖落速度落到同一位置。     

含间隙运动控制系统中的定位抖动和 速率波动原因分析及解决措施

针对一类含间隙大惯量非直驱转动系统中出现的速率波动现象,利用描述函数法和计算仿真的方法进行了原因分析.在通常的解决措施如双电机消隙、机械消隙方法之外,针对一类间隙可测量的运动控制系统,提出了解决该类问题的新思路,即通过间隙的间接测量,利用反馈机制进行间隙补偿,并用小增益定理证明了其稳定性.实现了部分电气消隙的作用,在适当降低跟踪精度的情况下,消除了定位抖动,提高了速率平稳性.     

一种线运动扰动环境下基于惯性凝固系抗干扰自对准优化算法研究

传统惯性凝固性对准技术可有效隔离角运动干扰环境对捷联惯导自对准精度的影响,但对线运动环境下的抗干扰能力不足.据此,在深入分析线运动干扰对捷联惯导惯性凝固系下自对准精度影响途径之上,对线运动干扰环境划分为速度周期波动、突跳以及速度短期线性漂移.提出采用积分降噪、载体惯性系速度递推拟合与基于带遗忘因子递推最小二乘的速度慢漂提取技术相结合的抗干扰自对准优化算法,并进行了试验验证.试验结果表明,本算法可在5min内实现1.3mil的抗干扰自对准精度.     

球形粒子在流体中的跟随性

本文从Maxey和Riley的粒子运动基本方程出发,得到了球形固体粒子在相对流动雷诺数很小情形下的分析解。讨论了粒子跟随性对外力、初始条件和流场性质的依赖关系;对均匀湍流场,分析了不同密度比和扰动频率对跟随性的影响     

Vertical motions in Thailand after the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake from GPS observations and its geophysical modelling

Following previous findings from ongoing GPS research in Thailand since 2004 we continue to exploit the GPS technique to monitor and model land motions induced by the Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake. Our latest results show that up to the end of 2010, Thailand has been co-seismically displaced and is subsequently undergoing a post-seismic horizontal deformation with total displacements (co-seismic plus post-seismic) ranging from 10.5 to 74.7 cm. We observed the largest horizontal displacements in the southern part of Thailand and moderate and small displacements in the central and northern parts. In addition to horizontal displacements throughout Thailand, continuous GPS measurements show that large parts of Thailand are subsiding at rates up to 1 cm/yr. It is the first time that such vertical post-seismic deformations at large distances (650–1500 km away from the Earthquake’s epicentre) have been recorded. We have investigated the physical processes leading to the observed subsidence. While after-slip on the subduction interface induces negligible or even slightly positive vertical motions, relaxation in the asthenosphere is associated with a sizable subsidence. Predictions from a 3D finite element model feature an asthenosphere with an effective viscosity of the order of 3 * 10¹⁸ Pas, fit the horizontal post-seismic data and the observed subsidence well. This model is then used to predict the subsidence over the whole seismic cycle. The subsidence should go on with a diminishing rate through the next two decades and its final magnitude should not exceed 10 cm in the Bangkok area.     

Refining DORIS atmospheric drag estimation in preparation of ITRF2008

In preparation of ITRF2008, all geodetic technique services (VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS) are generating new solutions based on combination of individual analysis centers solutions. These data reprocessing are based on a selection of models, parameterization and estimation strategy unique to each analysis center and to each technique. While a good agreement can be found for models between groups, thanks to the existence of the IERS conventions, a great diversity still exist for parameter estimation, allowing possible future improvements in this direction. The goal of this study is to focus on the atmospheric drag estimation used to generate the new DORIS/IGN ignwd08 time series prepared for ITRF2008. We develop here a method to inter-compare different processing strategies. In a first step, by analyzing single-satellite solutions for a few weeks of data but for a large number of possible analysis strategies, we demonstrate that estimating drag coefficient more frequently (typically every 1–2 h instead of previously every 4–8 h) for the lowest DORIS satellites (SPOTs and Envisat) provides better geodetic results for station coordinates and polar motion. This new processing strategy also solved earlier problem found when processing DORIS data during intense geomagnetic events, such as geomagnetic storms. Differences between drag estimation strategies can mostly be found during these few specific periods of extreme geomagnetic activity (few days per year). In such a case, when drag coefficient is only estimated every 6 h or less often for single-satellite solution, a significant degradation in station coordinate accuracy can be observed (120 mm vs. 20 mm) and significant biases arose in polar motion estimation (5 mas vs. 0.3 mas). In a second step, we reprocessed a full year of DORIS data (2003) in a standard multi-satellite mode. We were able to provide statistics on a more reliable data set and to strengthen these conclusions. Our proposed DORIS analysis is easy to implement in all software packages and is now already used by several analysis centers of the International DORIS Service (IDS) when submitting reprocessed solutions for ITRF2008.     

In Memoriam: Herbert L. Pick,Jr. (1930–2012)

ABSTRACT

Fictive motion in language (as in “the ridge went north”) is claimed to reflect the attention focus of the observer on the extension and spatial layout of an entity. This paper investigates fictive motion in alpine narratives, which describe the experience of moving in a very specifically structured space. We examine space properties that are highlighted through fictive motion in this specific context and describe how they go beyond spatial extension. We further report the communicative motivation behind the use of fictive motion, ranging from conveying the sense of place to encoding the full spatial footprint of a motion event.     

The effect of geocenter motion on Jason-2 orbits and the mean sea level

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards ( Lemoine et al., 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC’s SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a – 4.67 ± 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 ± 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere.