Spacecraft attitude maneuver control using two parallel mounted 3-DOF spherical actuators

A parallel configuration using two 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) spherical electromag-netic momentum exchange actuators is investigated for large angle spacecraft attitude maneuvers. First, the full dynamic equations of motion for the spacecraft system are derived by the Newton-Euler method. To facilitate computation, virtual gimbal coordinate frames are established. Second, a nonlinear control law in terms of quaternions is developed via backstepping method. The pro-posed control law compensates the coupling torques arising from the spacecraft rotation, and is robust against the external disturbances. Then, the singularity problem is analyzed. To avoid sin-gularities, a modified weighed Moore-Pseudo inverse velocity steering law based on null motion is proposed. The weighted matrices are carefully designed to switch the actuators and redistribute the control torques. The null motion is used to reorient the rotor away from the tilt angle saturation state. Finally, numerical simulations of rest-to-rest maneuvers are performed to validate the effec-tiveness of the proposed method.     

A new remaining useful life estimation method for equipment subjected to intervention of imperfect maintenance activities

As the key part of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation has been extensively investigated in recent years. Current RUL estimation studies considering the intervention of imperfect maintenance activities usually assumed that maintenance activities have a single influence on the degradation level or degradation rate, but not on both. Aimed at this problem, this paper proposes a new degradation modeling and RUL estimation method taking the influence of imperfect maintenance activities on both the degradation level and the degradation rate into account. Toward this end, a stochastic degradation model considering imperfect maintenance activities is firstly constructed based on the diffusion process. Then, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL is derived by the convolution operator under the concept of First Hitting Time (FHT). To implement the proposed RUL estimation method, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is utilized to estimate the degradation related parameters based on the Condition Monitoring (CM) data, while the Bayesian method is utilized to estimate the maintenance related parameters based on the maintenance data. Finally, a numerical example and a practical case study are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method could greatly improve the RUL estimation accuracy for the degrading equipment subjected to imperfect maintenance activities.     

Impact of reduced frequency on the time lag in pressure distribution over a supercritical airfoil in a pitch-pause-return motion

Effects of reduced frequency, stop angle, and pause duration have been studied on a thin supercritical airfoil undergoing a pitch-pause-return motion, which is one of the classic maneuvers introduced by the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at both a constant mean angle of attack and an oscillation amplitude with a reduced frequency ranging from 0.01 to 0.12. The desired stop angles of the airfoil were set to occur during the upstroke motion. The unsteady pressure distribution on the airfoil was measured for below, near, and beyond static stall conditions. Results showed that the reduced frequency and stop angle were the dominant contributors to the time lag in the flowfield. For stop angles in both below- and post-stall regions, the time for the flowfield to reach its steady state conditions, known as the time lag, decreased as the reduced frequency was increased. However, in the static-stall region and for a certain value of reduced frequency, a resonance phenomenon was observed, and a minimum time lag was achieved. The pressure distribution in this condition was shown to be highly influenced by this phenomenon.     

再入弹头大攻角俯仰运动的非线性状态反馈控制

为提高大攻角飞行时具有非线性特性的姿态系统的控制精度,在弹头俯仰运动的非线性数学模型基础上,以弹头攻角为被控制信号,尾翼偏角指令为输入信号,设计了一种全状态反馈非线性姿态控制律,并进行了仿真试验。结果表明,所设计的控制律的稳态精度高、动态响应快。     

星载SAR的GMTI技术

根据地面动目标回波信号特性,研究了用于星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）的相位中心偏置天线（DPCA）、沿航迹干涉（ATI）、DPCA-Radon和DPCA-Frft-ATI等地面动目标检测（GMTI）算法。讨论了以实现GMTI为任务的分布SAR小卫星的构型和工作模式,分析了GMTI的最大可检测速度、最小可检测速度和盲速等系统指标,以及分布式SAR系统实现GMTI的难点。     

低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪探讨

文章介绍了典型空间信息获取方式及特点，阐述了低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像面临的问题及解决对策，对两种低轨对地观测卫星凝视成像仪及其应用进行了探讨。     

星载成像雷达运动补偿

本文分析了星载成像雷达的误差来源,运动误差产生的影响,对各种运动补偿方法进行了理论分析和比较.     

电弧放电加工——航空难切削材料的高效加工技术

随着越来越多的新型材料在航空航天产品上得到应用,这些材料的特殊成分及组织也给现有的加工技术带来了新的挑战.通过充分发挥电弧的高温和高能量密度优势,结合有效的断弧手段,可以实现难切削材料的高效蚀除,为后续精加工去掉绝大多数的余量.介绍了电弧放电加工的主要原理,分析了现有的电弧加工方法尤其是可用于航空航天产品加工的电弧铣削及电弧成形加工的工艺特点、加工对工件表面质量的影响等,介绍了这一新型工艺方法在航空航天产品,尤其是发动机热端难加工部件制造上的潜在优势.     

甲板运动对舰载机人工着舰的影响和补偿

分析了甲板各自由度运动对舰载飞机准确着舰造成的影响,提出根据主要的影响因素,由降落指挥官发出补偿引导指令,对甲板运动进行补偿。在此基础上,采用神经网络预测甲板运动并结合模糊控制,建立了补偿指令和控制模型,并通过数值仿真分析了所建立的模型的合理性。     

同时距离对准和相位补偿

在ＩＳＡＲ距离对准频域法的基础上,提出了一种新的ＩＳＡＲ运动补偿法。它将距离对准和相位补偿同时进行,因而能够简化运动补偿环节,减少运动补偿计算量。从理论上证明了所采用的相位补偿法与多普勒中心跟踪法是等效的。最后利用ＩＳＡＲ外场实测数据和微波暗室数据进行了验证,并且考察了所述方法的噪声性能。