火工展开机构负载模拟试验系统特性分析

文章介绍了某型号火工展开机构负载模拟试验系统的结构形式及工作原理,通过摆杆滑块机构与气体加载气缸直接联动,实现了加载的快速响应。文章对此机构进行了运动学分析和动力学分析,应用Matlab运算平台求解出机构运动的相关曲线以及加载力曲线,并对加载力试验结果进行了对比分析和理论分析。通过比较,两条曲线在两端的数据平均误差较小(小于5%),而曲线中间的平均数据误差较大(约为10%左右),实际试验加载曲线位置略高于理论设计曲线。     

Parallel,adaptive, multi-object trajectory integrator for space simulation applications

Computer simulation is a very helpful approach for improving results from space born experiments. Initial-value problems (IVPs) can be applied for modeling dynamics of different objects – artificial Earth satellites, charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, charged or non-charged dust particles, space debris. An ordinary differential equations systems (ODESs) integrator based on applying different order embedded Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg methods is developed. These methods enable evaluation of the local error. Instead of step-size control based on local error evaluation, an optimal integration method is selected. Integration while meeting the required local error proceeds with constant-sized steps. This optimal scheme selection reduces the amount of calculation needed for solving the IVPs. In addition, for an implementation on a multi core processor and parallelization based on threads application, we describe how to solve multiple systems of IVPs efficiently in parallel.     

On the Lagrange and Hill stability of motion in the three-body problem

In the three-body problem, we consider the Lagrange and Hill stability including the Lagrange stability for the manifold of symmetric motions that exists in the case where two of three bodies have equal masses. To analyze the stability, in addition to integrals of energy and angular momentum we use the Lagrange–Jacobi equality. We prove theorems on the Lagrange and Hill stability. The theorem on the Hill stability has effective application in the case where the mass of a body is much less than masses of two other bodies. In this case, as it is known, the model of the restricted three-body problem is usually applied.     

风沙流中近床面沙粒三维运动的LES-DEM分析

采用自行开发的大涡模拟( Large-Eddy Simulation,LES)和离散单元法(Discrete Element Method,DEM)耦合的数值计算程序,对风沙气固两相三维运动进行了数值模拟.对近床面沙粒的起跳速度、起跳角、入射速度和入射角的概率分布,以及沙粒展向速度的分布做出统计分析.结果显示:本文所建立两相耦合数值模型,能够复现风沙输移中散体沙粒的运动特征；入射速度和起跳速度服从对数正态分布,并随着来流平均风速增大,概率分布呈现集中趋势；入射角、起跳角分别集中在10°和15°左右,表明沙粒动能向垂直方向转移的趋势；沙粒的展向速度的随来流风速增大而更加显著.     

Modeling and identification of an electro-mechanical system: The LISA grabbing positioning and release mechanism case

In the frame of space missions, mechanisms often constitute critical systems whose functionality and performance need to be tested on ground before the mission launch. The LISA scientific space mission will detect gravitational waves by measuring the relative displacement of pairs of free-floating test masses set into geodesic motion onboard of three spacecrafts. Inside each satellite, the injection of the test masses from the caged configuration into the geodesic trajectory will be performed by the grabbing positioning and release mechanism. To provide a successful injection, the test masses must be dynamically released with a minimal residual velocity against adhesion with the holding device. A parameter that determines the test mass residual velocity is the quickness of the retraction of the holding device. The need arises then to characterize the dynamic response of the release mechanism in order to predict its behaviour in the in-flight conditions. Once a validated model of the mechanism is available, the compliance of the system to the tight requirement on the maximum allowed residual velocity of the test mass may be verified. Starting from an electro-mechanical model of the mechanism dynamics, this paper presents the results of the experimental identification of its relevant parameters.     

Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions

Abstract

Spatial prepositions, more specifically projective prepositions, such as in front of or behind can be interpreted in different ways. Their interpretation depends on the spatial perspective taken as the basis for determining the reference frame's orientation. In 3 series of placement experiments with German speakers, we examined whether the interpretation of projective prepositions in a motion context is affected by the verb used in a spatial instruction. Results suggest that verb semantics is a factor accounting for previously observed seemingly social-situational differences in the interpretation of projective prepositions. Specifically, the findings indicate that, relative to a car as reference object, the semantic aspect of motion interruption associated with some verbs leads to a higher proportion of deictic interpretations determined by the direction from which one is approaching the car. This verb effect on the interpretation of spatial prepositions can be explained by an activation of the temporal dimension through stop-implying verbs, which is integrated into the spatial situation model of the perceived dynamic scene making the deictic frame of reference more compatible. The experimental evidence also shows that verb semantics can account for previously unexplained cross-linguistic differences, and is related to patterns concerning the prepositional inventory of languages.     

Experimental investigation of influence of strake wings on self-induced roll motion at high angles of attack

The modern high performance air vehicles are required to have extreme maneuverability,which includes the ability of controlled maneuvers at high angle of attack. However, the nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamic phenomena, such as flow separation, vortices interaction, and vortices breaking down, will occur during the flight at high angle of attack, which could induce the uncommanded motions for the air vehicles. For the high maneuverable and agile air missile, the nonlinear roll motions would occur at the high angle of attack. The present work is focused on the selfinduced nonlinear roll motion for a missile configuration and discusses the influence of the strake wings on the roll motion according to the results from free-to-roll test and PIV measurement using the models assembled with different strake wings at a = 60°. The free-to-roll results show that the model with whole strake wings(baseline), the model assembled with three strake wings(Case A)and the model assembled with two opposite strake wings(Case C) experience the spinning, while the model assembled with two adjacent strake wings(Case B), the model assembled with one strake wing(Case D) and the model with no strake wing(Case E) trim or slightly vibrate at a certain "×"rolling angle, which mean that the rolling stability can be improved by dismantling certain strake wings. The flow field results from PIV measurement show that the leeward asymmetric vortices are induced by the windward strake wings. The vortices would interact the strake wings and induce crossflow on the downstream fins to degrade the rolling stability of the model. This could be the main reason for the self-induced roll motion of the model at a = 60°.     

起落架四点布局无人机地面运动研究

以国内某四轮无人机为研究对象,在考虑摩擦力、侧向力和角速率等各种因素的情况下,全面分析研究了四轮无人机地面滑跑时的运动特点和受力情况,建立了六自由度刚体飞行器地面运动的动力学方程和运动学方程。在此基础上,对全量非线性模型进行了起飞、着陆时地面运动的仿真,该仿真结果表明了系统模型的正确性。     

拖影情况下快速飞行乒乓球体的实时识别与跟踪

快速飞行的乒乓球在图像采集过程中会产生拖影,影响甚至严重干扰对球体位置的准确识别和跟踪.对飞行乒乓球的拖影图像特点及实战型乒乓机器人的实际需求进行分析,在此基础上提出CS-BS-EF方法,将色彩分割、背景减除、椭圆拟合进行综合集成、优势互补,用以检测飞行球体的拖影范围并求取球心位置.实验结果表明该方法能够有效克服拖影影响,比较准确地识别和跟踪高速飞行的球体,且具有良好的抗干扰性、实时性.     

中性浮力和失重环境人体运动仿真比较研究

为了模拟失重状态,航天技术发达的国家都建立了用于航天员出舱活动训练的中性浮力水槽。但与太空失重环境相比,水中存在的水动阻力会导致两种环境下人体运动反馈的差异性。基于ADAMS多体动力学仿真软件,按照“飞天”舱外航天服的质量分布,建立了着舱外服人体动力学模型。利用此模型仿真比较了水下和失重环境中肘关节屈伸、肩内收外展、肩矢状面内运动时人体躯干的动力学反馈,发现水下环境中模型躯干的转动速度峰值和平均值均较大。研究结果已应用于神舟七号载人飞行任务出舱活动航天员训练,建立的航天员人体动力学模型可应用于我国未来空间站任务出舱活动仿真分析。