航天器黏弹性约束阻尼结构频率响应分析方法

黏弹性约束阻尼是对航天器结构进行振动响应抑制的重要方法,而频率响应分析是评估抑振效果的重要分析手段。文章阐述了利用有限元分析软件MSC/NASTRAN对黏弹性约束阻尼结构进行频率响应分析的方法,分析了各种方法的特点,并结合典型航天器结构件给出具体分析算例,可为相关方法的工程应用提供借鉴。     

凹腔燃烧截面波系及温度场同步显示研究

凹腔作为超声速燃烧室的典型构型,对燃烧状态下的相关物理量进行准确诊断,有利于定量分析和研究超声速燃烧的机理。相对此前采用激光纹影等通程积分密度场显示方法,研究设计了一套锐聚焦深度小于1mm的激光聚焦纹影,用于显示凹腔截面的燃烧流场波系结构;同时利用羟基平面激光诱导荧光（OH-PLIF）和聚焦纹影同步诊断同一截面的温度场和密度场。试验结果表明,所显示截面内的波系结构清晰,得到了更多流场细节,同时也标记出了该截面内氢气燃烧状态,二者具有较好的一致性。该同步诊断结果可以更好地了解剪切层在燃烧室的运动及燃烧发展轨迹,以及不同参数的氢气喷射对剪切层和燃烧状态的影响等。获取同一截面的波系结构和燃烧状况的同步数据,对于研究燃料喷射以及凹腔燃烧等具有一定的参考价值。     

Statistical ionospheric E layer properties measured with the Cyprus Digisonde and comparisons with IRI predictions

This paper reports the diurnal, seasonal, and long term variability of the E layer critical frequency (foE) and peak height (hmE) derived from Digisonde measurements from 2009 to 2016 at the low-middle latitude European station of Nicosia, Cyprus (geographical coordinates: 35°N, 33°E, geomagnetic lat. 29.38°N, I = 51.7°). Manually scaled monthly median values of foE and hmE are compared with IRI-2012 predictions with a view to assess the predictability of IRI. Results show that in general, IRI slightly overestimates foE values both at low and high solar activity. At low solar activity, overestimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz (equivalent electron density, 0.775?×?10³?el/m^?3) but can go as high as 0.5?MHz (equivalent electron density, 3.1?×?10³?el/m^?3, during noon) around equinox. In some months, underestimations, though sporadic in nature, up to 0.25?MHz are noted (mostly during sunrise and sunset). At high solar activity, a similar pattern of over-/underestimation is evident. During the entire period of study, over-/under estimations are mostly limited to 0.25?MHz. In very few cases, these exceed 0.25?MHz but are limited to 0.5?MHz. Analysis of hmE reveals that: (1) hmE remains almost constant during ±2 to ±4?h around local noon, (2) hmE values are higher in winter than in spring, summer and autumn, (3) there are two maxima near sunrise and sunset with a noontime minimum in between. During the entire period of study, significant differences between observed hmE and the IRI predictions have been noted. IRI fails to predict hmE and outputs a constant value of 110?km, which is higher than most of the observed values. Over- and under estimations range from 3 to 13?km and from 0 to 3?km respectively.     

转子槽口深度和槽配合对异步电机转子损耗的影响

为了分析转子槽口深度及定转子槽配合对三相变频调速异步电动机转子损耗的影响,采用ANSYS Maxwell软件对1台空载损耗异常的10极、1 100 kW三相变频调速异步电动机转子损耗进行详细分析。通过建立不同转子槽口深度和定转子槽配合的电机模型,结合电机内谐波磁场的理论,对比分析了不同槽口深度和定转子槽配合的电机模型转子铁心与转子导条中的损耗。根据仿真分析结果,对该样机进行改进设计。样机试验结果表明仿真计算的正确性,可为相关电机的设计提供参考。     

Numerical studies on supersonic spray combustion in high-temperature shear flows in a scramjet combustor

Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly. Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high. The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.     

FTN传输条件下极化码帧间物理层安全结构设计

极化码是适用于物理层wiretap信道安全模型的一种编码方式,针对在超奈奎斯特（FTN）条件下传输的极化码,设计了一种无需获知窃听信道信噪比（SNR）的帧间链式加密的安全结构。通过混淆结构将对合法接收端可靠而对非法窃听端阻塞的码元进行扩散,利用物理层主信道和窃听信道的差异,在每一帧中生成主信道可译而窃听信道不可译的密钥序列,对下一帧进行加密,实现安全容量的帧间传输。仿真结果显示,在FTN加速场景和窃听信道SNR相对于主信道波动的前提下,提出的极化码帧间安全结构可在wiretap信道的平均信道退化程度为0 dB时实现信息的安全传输。      

沟槽表面边界层湍动能分布规律

 通过对不同风速下不同尺寸V型沟槽表面及光洁平板表面边界层内湍动能的测试,对比分析了沟槽表面边界层湍动能的分布规律。试验在一小型专用风洞中开展,流场测试中使用恒温式IFA300智能型流动分析仪,测试模型则采用有机玻璃材质的矩形平板结构;而在沟槽表面理论零点及壁面摩擦速度的计算中,采用基于湍流边界层Spalding壁面律公式同时计算壁面理论零点和壁面摩擦速度的改进方法。最终研究结果表明,沟槽结构主要影响边界层流场的近壁区,沟槽的存在提高了边界层中黏性底层内湍流脉动所具有的动能,有效降低了边界层中过渡区内的湍动能,最大相对降幅超过10%,较好地验证了基于“二次涡”的沟槽表面减阻理论。     

基于湍流边界层时均速度分布的脊状表面减阻规律研究

通过对试验测得的脊状表面湍流边界层时均速度分布的分析,获得了脊状表面的减阻范围和基本规律.脊状表面理论零点及壁面摩擦速度的计算采用基于湍流边界层Spalding壁面律公式的最小二乘拟合方法;模型板摩擦阻力计算采用基于边界层动量积分方程的方法.研究表明:脊状结构使得湍流边界层粘性底层增厚,近壁面法向速度梯度降低,过渡层与对数律区上移;V型脊状结构的无量纲宽度s+介于6至18时具有减阻效果;当s+≈12时,减阻量最大,最大值约7.7%.      

基于Gurney襟翼的低压涡轮叶栅流动控制实验

研究了在PAK-B低压涡轮叶片压力面尾缘加装不同Gurney襟翼在不同流动状态下对流动的控制影响.结果表明,Gurney襟翼能够有效减小PAK-B叶型失速流动状态下的损失.在进口Re=23 000,Ma=0.021,FSTI=1%状态下,加装高度为1%弦长的圆形襟翼后总压损失系数减小29%左右,气流转折角增大3.12%左右,同时影响使主流流量减少5%左右;该襟翼使吸力面边界层分离及重附的位置延后,使尾迹区减小,从而减少流动损失.      

超声磨料对TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的影响

为改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量,减少表面微裂纹、重熔层等表面缺陷,提出了基于电极振动的超声磨料电火花复合加工方法。在煤油工作液中混入12g/L的SiC磨料粉,进行了有无超声磨料作用的窄脉冲(脉宽小于1μs)电火花加工的表面粗糙度对比实验研究。实验结果表明:SiC磨料的超声振动作用使零件表面粗糙度Ra由0.5μm降到0.2μm左右;重熔层厚度、表面裂纹的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片显示,超声磨料作用使重熔层厚度减薄20～30μm,表面微裂纹得到有效控制;机理分析认为工作液高频振动及磨料对工件的冲击作用,是改善TC4钛合金电火花加工表面质量的主要原因。研究表明磨料的超声振动作用可显著改善TC4钛合金电火花加工的表面质量。