带轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩试验

在Ma 6风洞内,通过高频脉动压力测试技术和基于纳米粒子示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS)技术,分别对带前向、后向轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩进行了试验研究。采用功率谱密度分析和互相关计算等方法对脉动压力数据进行分析,得到了边界层中扰动波的发展规律,定量分析了第二模态波的相关参数。结果显示：两种模型中第二模态波在沿流向向下游发展的过程中,其幅值均先增大再衰减、特征频率均逐渐减小;特征频率和传播速度整体上均随雷诺数的增大而增加(后台阶模型中特征频率由100 kHz增至196 kHz,前台阶中则由 97 kHz 增至174 kHz)、波长变化规律则与之相反(后台阶中由6.35 mm降至4.54 mm,前台阶由7.35 mm降至 4.66 mm );后台阶模型中第二模态波初次出现位置比前台阶中更靠近上游,边界层转捩位置较前台阶前移。将NPLS结果与高频脉动压力测试结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。     

基于中性层偏移的Z型材滚弯成形回弹预测

以提高大截面Z型材四轴滚弯成形精度为目的,通过综合考虑材料属性、几何特征和成形半径等因素对回弹的影响,建立了引入中性层偏移的大截面Z型材弯曲回弹解析模型,研究了7075-O和7475-O铝合金Z型材在不同滚弯成形半径下的回弹规律,并进行滚弯成形实验验证。结果表明,与忽略中性层偏移影响的型材回弹预测经验模型相比,基于中性层偏移的回弹预测模型能够准确预测大截面Z型材的回弹量,在相同的曲率半径下,预测回弹变形的最大相对误差从11.681%减小到3.347%。     

扩压叶栅剪敏液晶试验与图像处理

基于剪敏液晶涂层(SSLCC)材料的光学特性,发展了适合于内流场狭小空间环境下的SSLCC边界层流动显示技术:设计并加工了微型摄像头-发光二极管(LED)组合式图像采集设备解决拍摄光路问题;基于二维SSLCC图像与三维模型的空间映射关系,建立了真实模型的三维重构方法;通过SSLCC图像光谱Hue色相值转化,实现了液晶图像信息的定量分析。以西北工业大学高亚声速平面叶栅风洞为平台,开展了某扩压叶栅吸力面边界层流态的剪敏液晶流动显示试验。结果表明:所发展的剪敏液晶显示技术可进行叶栅内流场边界层的流态测量;所建立的图像处理方法可为边界层流动特征的辨识及其特征位置确定提供技术支撑;在来流马赫数为0.12、攻角为0°的条件下,叶片吸力面边界层沿流向依次经历了层流边界层分离、再附着及转捩为湍流状态的过程,且边界层的发展受叶栅角区分离流动影响,造成其前缘分离区减小,再附着点和边界层转捩位置向前缘移动。     

锯齿尾缘叶片气动特性和绕流流场的数值研究

以基于NACA 0018翼型的锯齿尾缘仿生叶片为研究对象,采用大涡模拟的方法研究锯齿相对齿宽与相对齿高对锯齿尾缘叶片的气动特性和非定常绕流流场的影响规律和机制.研究表明,尾缘锯齿参数对叶片气动性能的影响是复杂的非线性过程,在一定来流攻角范围内能提高升阻比,但失速提前.如在9.4°~14.8°来流攻角范围内,不同相对齿宽系列叶片的升阻比高于原始叶片,升阻比与锯齿相对齿宽之间没有线性关系.研究还表明,锯齿尾缘能延迟边界层分离,加速尾迹的流动掺混和能量扩散,改变非定常涡结构和涡脱落频率.相对齿高的变化对非定常流动特性的影响更为显著.尾缘锯齿诱导的二次湍流射流和吸力面侧反向涡对改变了原始叶片的绕翼环量,进而影响锯齿尾缘叶片的气动特性和绕流流场特性.      

一种涡轮排气蜗壳的优化设计

为了改善涡轮排气蜗壳的排气效果,选取一种箱式蜗壳为原始计算模型,通过数值模拟研究了该排气蜗壳的气动性能,揭示了蜗壳内部流动损失的主要来源,在不改变其几何尺寸的前提下,提出了一种蜗壳的分流层改型设计,并与两种一般改型方式的效果作比较.数值计算结果表明:在设计工况下,分流层改型设计可使排气蜗壳的总压损失系数最多降低32.12%,静叶恢复系数最多提高48.73%,其效果好于扩压结构弧线改型,但弱于蜗壳壁面轮廓型线改型,在此基础上揭示了分流层设计改善蜗壳气动性能的机理.      

复合材料胶补飞机损伤金属结构疲劳寿命分析

针对复合材料单面胶接修理飞机损伤金属结构疲劳寿命分析时,多种失效模式耦合作用、残余热应力和附加弯曲力矩以及裂纹非均匀扩展的影响,提出了一种能够综合考虑上述影响因素的复合材料修理损伤金属结构疲劳寿命评估方法。算例分析结果与试验结果吻合,表明本文方法可为复合材料单面胶接修理损伤金属结构疲劳寿命估算提供参考。     

A novel strategy for fine-grained semantic verification of civil aviation radiotelephony read-backs

During the flight of the aircraft, the pilot must repeat the instruction sent by the controller, and the controller must further confirm these read-backs, in this way to further ensure the safety of air transportation. However, fatigue, tension, negligence and other human factors may prevent the controller from realizing read-back errors in time, which is a huge hidden danger for the safety of civil aviation transportation. This paper proposes a novel strategy to implement fine-grained semantic ...     

Assessment and improvement of k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition prediction

The purpose of this work is to improve the k-ω-γ transition model for separationinduced transition prediction. The fundamental cause of the excessively small separation bubble predicted by k-ω-γ model is scrutinized from the perspective of model construction. On the basis,three rectifications are conducted to improve the k-ω-γ model for separation-induced transition.Firstly, a damping function is established via comparing the molecular diffusion timescale with the rapid pressure-strain timescale...     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

超声速混合层转捩过程实验研究的进展

超声速湍流机理的实验研究是一件十分困难的工作.在2000年以来,本研究小组在低噪声超声速混合层风洞研究、超声速流动精细结构测量技术研究方面取得了重要进展,这给超声速混合层湍流精细结构的研究奠定了基础.为了研究超声速混合层及其气动光学问题,在研制的超声速混合层风洞中,主要以基于纳米技术的平面激光散射技术(Nano-trace Planar Laser Scattering,简称NPLS)为基础,研究了几种对流马赫数的超声速混合层从层流到湍流转捩过程K-H不稳定涡的空间结构,以及K-H不稳定涡的空间结构随着时间的发展过程.实验结果清晰地反映了湍流混合的不稳定性与转捩的精细结构,以及转捩过程的展向精细结构.