煤油液滴高压蒸发特性

采用真实流体模型描述高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,并采用状态方程（EoS）法计算多组分高压气-液相平衡及环境气体溶解性,在此基础上建立包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对中国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机,详细研究了煤油液滴在超临界环境下的高压蒸发特性及各因素影响机理。结果表明：高压环境会显著加快液滴温升速率,但弱超临界环境下仍然为相平衡控制的亚临界蒸发状态;只有强超临界环境下才较容易发生扩散控制的超临界蒸发状态。在高压、高温环境下,忽略气相溶解性将导致液滴蒸发速率明显偏小。针对弱超临界环境,温度升高会使液滴蒸发速率单调增加;压力升高则在低温下降低蒸发速率,而在高温下加快蒸发速率。针对强超临界环境,温度升高只提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,而超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率与环境温度无关;压力升高则同样会提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,但会降低超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,此时的总蒸发寿命随压力升高小幅下降。     

喷管间距对双喷流啸音影响的实验

实验详细测量了完全膨胀马赫数范围为110~160、喷管间距为16到32倍喷管出口直径的超声速双喷流近声场,分析了两个喷流各自发出的啸音在近声场的相位关系,研究了喷管间距对双喷流耦合的影响。结果表明:对比单喷流,双喷流耦合啸音在A模态时,呈现出反对称或对称模式,在反对称模式下,喷管中间区域啸音强度减小,对称模式下,双喷流中间区域啸音强度略大于单喷流啸音;B模态时,两个处于摆动模态的喷流啸音在喷管中间区域同相而发生耦合,极大地增强了B模态的幅值,达到160dB;C模态的相位关系还需进一步研究。对比不同喷管间距下的双喷流近声场,发现喷管间距过小或过大均不利于B模态的耦合;喷管间距对C模态影响最大,当喷管间距变大时,C模态幅值及主导马赫数范围均增大。      

YE4系列超超高效率三相异步电动机效率验证的研究

IE4超超高效率为国际电工委员会发布的IEC 60034-30-1:2014标准中电动机的最高效率等级。采用B法——测量输入-输出功率的损耗分析法对YE4系列(IP55)三相异步电动机的各大损耗的精准测试,以及采用不同降耗设计措施所达效果等进行了实际验证,确保了全系列电机达到了IE4效率等级规定。YE4系列产品的成功开发及推广应用,将对进一步推进我国节能减排政策的落实做出重要的贡献。     

转子叶栅非同步振荡发声特性研究

轴流压气机转子叶片排振荡疲劳失效是常见的气动弹性失稳问题。当转子叶栅处于非同步振荡状态下时,压气机管道内部将伴随着异常噪声的产生,这类噪声的频率既不是分布在叶片通过频率及其谐波上,也不是分布在转子轴频率及其谐波上,同时也不满足简单多普勒效应。为了解释这种异常噪声现象,以三维升力面理论为基础,讨论叶片对其附近流体施加非定常载荷的发声问题,给出了转子叶栅振荡异常发声问题的物理解释,建立了声场频率及模态特性与转子声源特性的直接关系式,并给出了频率特性不同于叶片通过频率且不符合简单多普勒效应的完整解释。在此基础上,通过机理性实验研究证实了该模型的正确性。实验结果表明,理论预测声场的频率和周向模态特性与实验结果完全一致。     

Instantaneous BeiDou–GPS attitude determination: A performance analysis

The advent of modernized and new global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has enhanced the availability of satellite based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. Specifically, it increases redundancy and yields operational back-up or independence in case of failure or unavailability of one system. Among existing GNSS, the Chinese BeiDou system (BDS) is being developed and will consist of geostationary (GEO) satellites, inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites, and medium-Earth-orbit (MEO) satellites. In this contribution, a BeiDou–GPS robustness analysis is carried out for instantaneous, unaided attitude determination.     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

基于三维最小二乘方法的空间直线度误差评定

空间直线度误差是评定机械产品精度的一项重要指标,实际工程中对空间直线度误差评定算法的精度要求越来越高.为了准确评定空间直线度误差,参照国家标准(GB/T 11336—2004),采用三维最小二乘方法建立了空间直线拟合的数学模型,并给出了该数学模型的精确解.基于最小二乘拟合中线,采用空间投影、坐标变换和格点法求得最小二乘中线包容圆柱面直径.采用数值算例验证了新方法的有效性.提出的空间直线度误差评定方法精度高、鲁棒性好且易于编程实现.     

Stability of the seasonal variations in diurnal and semidiurnal components of mid-latitude F2 layer parameters

We report work utilizing 15-min resolution ionospheric data obtained with DPS-4 digisonde in 2003–2011 to study the seasonal variations in amplitudes and phases of the most powerful spectral components of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) fluctuations over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E). We show that fluctuations of both parameters contain quasi-harmonic components with periods of T_n = 24/n h (n = 1–7). The number of distinct spectral peaks varies from 3 in summer to 7 in winter. Amplitude and phase characteristics of the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) components is studied using the data sets extracted from the original data sets with band-pass filter. It has been found that the amplitudes of diurnal/semidiurnal foF2 and diurnal hmF2 components are maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Amplitudes of the diurnal components vary gradually; those of the foF2 semidiurnal one, abruptly, thus forming a narrow winter maximum in November–January. The phase (local time of maximum) of the diurnal foF2 component increases gradually by 4–6 h from winter to summer. The phase of the semidiurnal foF2 component is nearly stable in winter/summer and sharply decreases (increases) by 2–3 h near the spring (autumn) equinox. The phase of the diurnal component of hmF2 (local time of minimum) varies slightly between 1130 and 1300 LT; that of the semidiurnal one decreases (increases) by 4–6 h from January to March (from September to November). The results obtained show that the main features of seasonal variations in the diurnal and semidiurnal components of the mid-latitude F2 layer parameters recur consistently during the solar activity growth and decline phases.     

载波相位辅助的GPS动态单点定位算法综述

对载波相位辅助条件下应用于全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）动态单点定位的各种算法进行了综合分析与比较。首先简要介绍定位算法中的基本公式与观测模型;然后分别对周跳修复与滤波解算两部分所应用的各种算法进行详细介绍并比较其性能与适用范围;最后对尚待解决的问题及可能的发展方向进行了总结。