随机谱中小幅载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的影响

采用7050-T7451铝合金标准中心裂纹拉伸试样进行随机谱载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究在不同低载截除水平、不同裂纹参考长度下,裂纹扩展寿命及其分散性的变化。采用F检验法,对不同载荷谱下的裂纹扩展寿命的方差及相同载荷谱,不同裂纹长度的寿命的方差进行检验。分析表明,第一级和第二级截除水平下的裂纹扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别,当载荷截除水平提高到最大幅值载荷的21％时,寿命分散性显著变大;相同载荷谱下,不同裂纹长度对应的扩展寿命的分散性没有显著差别。试验结果也表明,本文所考察的3个水平的小幅值载荷对裂纹扩展寿命的均值有显著影响;因此,在损伤容限和可靠性分析中,这些小幅值载荷是不可忽略的。     

涡轮盘定心衬套失效模式与疲劳寿命研究

针对涡轮盘定心衬套的结构特点和各工况下的载荷形式,分析了它的失效模式.确定其寿命消耗主要为在高温、高机械负荷作用下的多轴低循环疲劳破坏.通过建立了高压涡轮转子整体分析模型,模拟定心衬套主要工况下的各种载荷和约束条件;定心衬套工作状态的温度场条件是利用相关冷却气流参数进行稳态对流换热仿真计算得到的.采用弹塑性有限元分析方法,计算中充分考虑了高压涡轮转子主要部件的相互影响,获得了定心衬套主要工况下危险点的最大应力应变循环.根据危险点的计算结果,利用不同的低循环疲劳寿命方程对危险点进行寿命预测,并对得到的结果进行分析和比较.研究结果表明,定心衬套的存在两个危险点,一是冷却气孔边受轴向载荷作用,二是衬套内壁后缘倒角处受径向和轴向载荷作用.      

Stable two-sided matching of slot allocation in airport collaborative decision making by top trading cycles mechanism

The problem of capacity shortage in some airports needs to be dealt with sustainable solutions including a more efficient use of the existing runway slots at the airports. The Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is an important approach applied to Air Traffic Management (ATM) to achieve this efficient use of the slots allocation. Using the Matching approach for two-sided markets of Game theory, the Top Trading Cycle CDM (TTC-CDM) algorithm developed in this research is an extension of the CDM approach aggregating the Ground Delay Program (GDP) of the air sector. The paper compared the developed TTC-CDM model to the existing models such as the conventional Compression algorithm in CDM, the Trade Cycle algorithm and the Deferred Acceptance CDM (DA-CDM) model to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. Through a case study, the results show the effective application of TTC-CDM model to slot allocation in ATM and also presents the advantage of considering the preferences of airport managers beside ATC controllers and airlines in the decision processing.     

Ozone trends in the mid-latitude stratopause region based on microwave measurements at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E), the ozone reference model,and model calculations

We compared 8 years of ozone measurements taken at Lindau (51.66° N, 10.13° E) at altitudes between 40 and 60 km using the microwave technique with the CIRA ozone reference model that was established 20 years ago (Keating et al., 1990). We observed a remarkable decrease in ozone density in the stratopause region (i.e., an altitude of 50 km), but the decrease in ozone density in the middle mesosphere (i.e., up to 60 km in altitude) is slight. Likewise, we observed only a moderate decrease in the atmospheric region below the stratopause. Other studies have found the strongest ozone decrease at 40 km and a more moderate decrease at 50 km, which is somewhat in contradiction to our results. This decrease in ozone density also strongly depends on the season. Similar results showed model calculations using the GCM COMMA-IAP when considering the increase in methane. In the lower mesosphere/stratopause region, the strongest impact on the concentration of odd oxygen (i.e., O₃ and O) was observed due to a catalytic cycle that destroys odd oxygen, including atomic oxygen and hydrogen radicals. The hydrogen radicals mainly result from an increase in water vapor with the growing anthropogenic release of methane. The finding suggesting that the stratopause region is apparently attacked more strongly by the water vapor increase has been interpreted in terms of the action of this catalytic cycle, which is most effective near the stratopause and amplified by a positive feedback between the ozone column density and the ozone dissociation rate, thereby chemically influencing the ozone density. However, the rising carbon dioxide concentration cools the middle atmosphere, thereby damping the ozone decline by hydrogen radicals.     

海水干湿循环对初始损伤RC梁力学性能的影响

沿海环境下的钢筋混凝土(RC)结构处于荷载作用和环境作用同时存在的工作状态且在正常条件下会出现不同程度的荷载损伤。为了在实验室内模拟其工作状态,对RC梁试件施加幅值分别为0.3P_u、0.4P_u、0.5P_u、0.6P_u和0.7P_u(P_u为单调加载梁的极限荷载)的初始荷载造成不同程度的损伤,经历120次海水干湿循环作用后,进行单调加载试验测试剩余力学性能,并对梁试件钻芯取样测试不同位置及深度处混凝土的氯离子含量。试验结果表明,不同程度初始损伤RC梁经历120次海水干湿循环后,其屈服荷载、极限荷载和延性均随初始荷载幅值的增加而降低;与无损伤梁试件相比,当初始损伤荷载为0.4P_u时,梁试件的屈服荷载和极限荷载降幅分别为10.4%和7.9%,随着初始荷载增大,屈服荷载和极限荷载快速下降,当初始损伤荷载为0.7P_u时,屈服荷载和极限荷载降幅分别达33.7%和32.4%。氯离子含量测试结果表明,梁试件混凝土受拉区氯离子含量均大于受压区氯离子含量;当初始损伤荷载小于0.5P_u时,受拉钢筋表面混凝土的氯离子含量差别不大且小于0.1%,当初始损伤荷载为0.7P_u时,钢筋表面氯离子含量最大达到0.14%。可见,初始荷载损伤与海水干湿循环综合作用对RC梁力学性能及耐久性劣化影响显著。     

Shimmy analysis of a simple aircraft nose landing gear model using different mathematical methods

Shimmy oscillations are still a problem in design and operation of aircraft landing gears, and accurate and appropriate analysis is required to master the task. Based on a nonlinear model of the mechanics of the landing gear and tire elasticity according to elastic string theory, some well known linear and nonlinear mathematical methods are applied to the shimmy analysis of a simple model of a nose gear: Computing eigenvalues, solving analytically the stability boundaries with a parameter space method, getting limit cycles by analytical formulae from describing functions, and last but not least numerical simulation of time histories. It seems that linear or quasi linear methods and analytical solutions are well suited to obtain extensive insight, respecting limitations of these methods. Numerical simulation on the other hand is a valuable tool for pointing out specific effects of a nonlinear system in large amplitude regions.     

冷变形TiNi合金的显微组织及超弹性

利用透射电镜观察不同温度下的拉伸试验，研究了冷变形量２２％的Ｔｉ－４９．８％Ｎｉ（原子分数）合金的显微组织及线性超弹性行为。透射电镜观察发现，Ｔｉ－４９．８％Ｎｉ（原子分数）合金经较大冷变形量变形后，其显微组织为细小片状且高度形变的马氏体。研究表明，冷变形Ｔｉ－４９．８％Ｎｉ（原子分数）合金经一定次数应力－应变循环处理后可获得完全的线性超弹性，出现线性超弹性的温度区间与冷变形ＴｉＮｉ合金的Ａｓ点有     

Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles

Our scientific forefathers discuss the interrelationships between water, climate, the atmosphere, and life on Earth and other terrestrial planets at a workshop in Nichtchatel, Switzerland.     

同步辐射貌相术在研究单晶CuZnAl形状记忆合金马氏体相变中的应用

采用同步辐射貌相术跟踪单晶ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金随温度循环而演变的马氏体相变全过程。研究结果表明，该合金的马氏体转变为热弹性的。     

钼合金在高温热机械应力循环下的疲劳性能

对钼合金进行了应力控制高温低周等温疲劳和同相位热机械疲劳试验。对于等温疲劳试验选取的实验温度为３５０℃和５００℃,对于热机械疲劳试验循环温度范围为３５０℃－５００℃。根据采集的材料应力－应变响应和循环破坏周数,可以看出温度的变化对材料疲劳寿命产生很大影响,当温度循环和应力循环叠加时,会加重损伤的程度。对循环回线的分析表明,在每一种疲劳试验过程中均发生材料循环软化和循环蠕变现象。对破坏试件的微观结构分析表明,在高应力循环条件下,钼合金的破坏基本上是脆断过程。