基于BUCK型DC-DC变换器的仿真研究

本文通过稳态分析的方法对BUCK型DC-DC电源变换器的工作原理和电路参数选择做了理论分析。同时利用MATLABSIMULINK/PSB建立BUCK型电路模型并进行仿真,将仿真获得的技术参数应用于DC-DC变换器的设计中。     

B737NG飞机真空废水排放管路再循环法清洁

飞机真空废水排放管路常因管路内壁堆积废物导致堵塞,进而降低真空排污系统的功能。为有效减少管路内废物堵塞对真空排污系统的影响,波音公司收集多家运营商对真空废水系统的维护经验及反馈,提出再循环法清洁废水排放管路可以有效预防和减少排污管路内废物的堆积。再循环法主要通过化学浸渍和机械冲洗除去废水管内积聚的污物,是一种预防性维护措施,可提高真空排污系统的使用周期。     

基于损伤力学的GH4169合金低循环裂纹萌生寿命预测

为了更准确地预估高温材料的低循环疲劳裂纹萌生寿命,将低循环疲劳的裂纹萌生过程视作损伤累积过程,基于连续损伤力学建立了损伤累积模型.结合360 ℃、650 ℃下GH4169合金的低循环疲劳寿命数据拟合出模型的具体表达式,进而开展了对低循环疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的预测试验.结果表明:该方法针对GH4169合金低循环疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的预测结果较为理想,其分散带基本在2倍以内,且能很好的反映变幅加载对GH4169合金低循环疲劳裂纹萌生寿命的影响.     

考虑应力松弛的单晶涡轮叶片蠕变疲劳寿命预测

建立了民用航空发动机单晶涡轮叶片考虑应力松弛的蠕变疲劳寿命预测方法,该方法在热弹性蠕变有限元计算基础上,综合单轴等应变松弛模型及多轴应力修正因子预测全寿命周期内的应力松弛历程,应力下限取为一次应力.利用综合时间硬化隐式蠕变方程描述蠕变变形,结合损伤雨流计数法及Morrow方程计算疲劳损伤,基于Robinson法则的分段损伤线性累积方法计算全寿命周期内的蠕变损伤,总损伤达到临界损伤时获得蠕变疲劳寿命.通过对公开的单晶材料蠕变疲劳数据的分析,临界损伤定为0.5.结果显示,考虑应力松弛的蠕变疲劳寿命是不考虑应力松弛的45.6倍.为保证可靠性而兼顾经济性,叶片寿命预测时,可先有限元循环加载n个循环,再利用所提出的方法预测2n个循环内的应力松弛历程.      

RBCC发动机超燃/火箭模式流场数值模拟研究

针对进排气系统与燃烧室匹配工作的中心支板式火箭基组合动力循环(RBCC)发动机,通过数值模拟研究了RBCC发动机在低动压、高速高空域飞行条件下以超燃/火箭模式工作时的燃烧流场特征,并分析了支板火箭喷管出口流量的变化对燃烧流场的影响。结果表明:在超燃/火箭模式下,支板火箭工作能促进燃料与空气的掺混燃烧,实现发动机稳定工作,同时可提升发动机的推力性能;随着支板火箭流量的增加,发动机产生的总推力逐渐增大,总推力与火箭流量大小近似成正比;随着火箭流量的增加,燃烧室中的流动状态向以超声速流动占主导地位发展,进气道的抗反压能力得到提升。      

进气畸变对变循环发动机气动稳定性影响分析模型

为了预估变循环发动机气动稳定性对周向进气畸变的响应,建立了进气畸变对变循环发动机气动稳定性影响分析模型.采用带源项的二维非定常欧拉方程描述变循环发动机内部的流动,根据部件特性计算源项,采用时间推进法求解方程组.利用该模型分析了周向进气畸变沿某变循环发动机流路的传递和该发动机的临界畸变指数,计算结果表明:该模型实现了对进气畸变影响变循环发动机气动稳定性的仿真;进气畸变经过核心机驱动风扇级后有显著的衰减;核心机驱动风扇级对进气畸变非常敏感,易发生失稳,是变循环发动机抗畸变的薄弱点.      

适用于单频GPS用户的周跳探测方法

针对单频GPS(Global Position System)用户的载波相位周跳探测问题,在传统的载波相位和伪距组合方法的基础上提出了一种新的周跳探测方法.该方法将载波相位和码伪距的组合观测量在历元间做差形成差分序列,以此构造实时的周跳探测量,由于该探测量易受观测噪声的影响,因此使用仰角指数模型作为经验模型对于测距噪声进行估计,基于假设检验的方法,通过对该探测量是否超过相应的检测门限来判断是否存在周跳.在实测的GPS观测数据基础上,对这一方法进行了验证,结果表明:相对于传统的周跳探测方法,该方法可以更加及时、准确地发现较小的周跳,对于单频的GPS用户具有较好的适应性.      

Modeling ground and space based cosmic ray observations

After entering our local astrosphere (called the heliosphere), galactic cosmic rays, as charged particles, are affected by the Sun’s turbulent magnetic field. This causes their intensities to decrease towards the inner heliosphere, a process referred to as modulation. Over the years, cosmic ray modulation has been studied extensively at Earth, utilizing both ground and space based observations. Moreover, modelling cosmic ray modulation and comparing results with observations, insight can be gained into the transport of these particles, as well as offering explanations for observed features. We review some of the most prominent cosmic ray observations made near Earth, how these observations can be modelled and what main insights are gained from this modelling approach. Furthermore, a discussion on drifts, as one of the main modulation processes, are given as well as how drift effects manifest in near Earth observations. We conclude by discussing the contemporary challenges, fuelled by observations, which are presently being investigated. A main challenge is explaining observations made during the past unusual solar minimum.     

Comparison of GPS TEC measurements with IRI-2007 TEC prediction over the Kenyan region during the descending phase of solar cycle 23

This paper presents an analysis of the Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from the International GNSS Service receiver (formerly IGS) at Malindi (2.9°S, 40.1°E), Kenya for the periods 2004–2006 during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. The diurnal, monthly and seasonal variations of the TEC are compared with TEC from the latest International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-2007). The GPS–TEC exhibits features such as an equatorial noon time dip, semi-annual variations, Equatorial Ionization Anomaly and day-to-day variability. The lowest GPS–TEC values are observed near the June solstice and September equinox whereas largest values are observed near the March equinox and December solstice. The mean GPS–TEC values show a minimum at 03:00 UT and a peak value at about 10:00 UT. These results are compared with the TEC derived from IRI-2007 using the NeQuick option for the topside electron density (IRI–TEC). Seasonal mean hourly averages show that IRI-2007 model TEC values are too high for all the seasons. The high prediction primarily occur during daytime hours till around midnight hours local time for all the seasons, with the highest percentage deviation in TEC of more 90% seen in September equinox and lowest percentage deviation in TEC of less than 20% seen in March equinox. Unlike the GPS–TEC, the IRI–TEC does not respond to geomagnetic storms and does overestimate TEC during the recovery phase of the storm. While the modeled and observed data do correlate so well, we note that IRI-2007 model is strongly overestimating the equatorial ion fountain effect during the descending phase of solar cycle, and this could be the reason for the very high TEC estimations.     

基于Simapro的气动与电动执行器生命周期评价

在机械性能和工况相近的情况下,对3组气动执行器和电动执行器进行生命周期评价(LCA,Life Cycle Assessment),分析了气动和电动执行器的环境影响评价主要因素,确定了两种执行器的LCA研究范围、系统边界和时间边界,归纳了两种执行器制造过程的主要工艺和零部件的工艺特征,最后在Simapro 7.1中进行了两种执行器的评价框架建立和数据录入,根据Eco-indicator 99进行了两种执行器LCA对比分析.结果表明,执行器对资源的环境影响约占环境影响综合值的50%;机械性能和工况相近的气动和电动执行器,电动执行器的环境影响比气动执行器大.