不同轴承壁面沟槽诱导油液穿透机理

以高速角接触球轴承为研究对象,在轴承外圈内壁开设沟槽,采用流体动力学对高速轴承壁面沟槽模型进行气液两相流数值模拟。利用VOF(volume of fluid)模型对轴承环间气液两相流界面进行动态捕捉,分析油液在沟槽诱导作用下的运动过程和分布特点,探究阻碍油液进入腔内的影响机理。分别研究了沟槽形状、深度、方向以及喷油参数等因素对高速轴承腔内和滚道润滑油体积分数的影响规律。研究结果表明:在高速轴承喷油润滑阶段,通过对沟槽形状、深度、方向的分析,得到圆弧形沟槽适用于高速轴承,沟槽深度为0.8 mm,沟槽方向为60°有利于油液进入轴承环间,腔内有效润滑油和外滚道油液体积分数最高。通过试验测得壁面有沟槽和无沟槽轴承腔内油液体积分数并与仿真结果对比,发现在轴承高速阶段开设壁面沟槽有利于润滑油进入轴承腔,为高速轴承的润滑设计提供了新的方法。      

旋翼地面效应的气动建模与特性

地面对旋翼气动特性影响明显,且导致旋翼流场更加复杂。为分析地面效应下的旋翼桨尖涡和流场变化特性,基于涡面和无滑移边界条件,求解第2类Fredholm方程获得地面涡面矢量分布,且将涡面矢量按涡扩散方程扩散到流体中,建立考虑黏性效应的地面气动模型,并耦合非定常面元/黏性涡粒子混合法以体现旋翼桨叶气动特性和旋翼尾迹的非定常效应,构建旋翼地面效应气动分析方法。通过计算Lynx尾桨地面效应下的性能和桨尖涡轨迹,并计算Maryland大学模型旋翼和NASA缩比旋翼地面效应下的垂向、径向速度分布,且与试验和CFD计算结果对比,验证了本文方法能较好捕捉地面效应下的旋翼尾迹变化特性和复杂速度场特性,且结果表明本文方法能较好模拟地面效应下旋翼桨尖涡的收缩、扩散、井喷、地面射流等物理现象。     

波音737NG飞机大翼扭力管改装后涡流检测

由于波音737NG飞机大翼后缘内侧襟翼的主扭力管上松动的紧固件会损伤扭力管和滑架,并有可能导致飞机失去后缘襟翼,因此对该扭力管进行改装。本文重点介绍改装中扩孔后对孔周围和孔内壁进行高频涡流检测的实施方法。     

超燃冲压发动机隔离段非对称来流下激波串受迫振荡流动研究

用非对称马赫1.98的隔离段直连实验研究了不同波形不同频率的脉动反压对隔离段内流动的影响。实验结果表明:隔离段能有效地隔离不同频率不同波形周期性反压脉动对上游进气道的影响;反压脉动以第二特征波速向上游传播,但在激波振荡区域,压力脉动主要受激波振荡的影响;厚附面层一侧的下壁面激波振荡区域内压力脉动前传时以指数规律衰减,衰减的程度随着频率和波形的改变而改变。而薄附面层的上壁面激波振荡区域内压力脉动前传时不是单调下降,而是波动的。     

高负荷涡轮叶栅气动性能试验

在环形涡轮叶栅低速风洞上,对某型高负荷涡轮静叶栅进行了吹风试验.应用五孔球头测针,详细测量了在三个冲角下由栅前至栅后7个横截面内气流参数沿叶高和节距的分布.试验结果表明,沿叶高变负荷结合叶片弯曲,在满足高负荷要求的条件下能够控制边界层的集聚、转捩与分离.在主流区采用前加载叶型,保证叶片能承担高负荷.在两个端壁区采用后部加载叶型,并通过叶片正弯进一步降低气动负荷,从而减小端壁横向压力梯度,削弱端壁横向二次流.正、负冲角仅影响叶片前缘吸力面或压力面的静压分布,引起气动负荷的增加与减小.研究的高负荷涡轮叶栅具有良好的冲角适应性.      

后掠翼模型混合层流控制实验研究

利用前缘吸气和顺压梯度,在对称后掠机翼模型上,实现了混合层流控制。在连续式跨声速风洞中,研究了气流马赫数和雷诺数对转捩位置的影响,研究了前缘吸气流量及流量分配对层流控制效果的影响。实验过程中,利用壁面冷却方法,扩大了层流区和湍流区的壁面温度差,利用埋入式安装的热电偶测量了表面温度分布,确定了转捩位置和层流区范围。结果表明,前缘吸气具有良好的层流控制效果,可以使层流区范围显著扩大。前腔吸气流量对层流控制效果影响很大,后腔吸气流量影响较小。     

Experimental and numerical simulation of bird-strike performance of lattice-material-infilled curved plate

The anti-bird-strike performance of a lattice-material-infilled curved plate is investigated herein. Since automatically filling the curved structure by classical lattice material filling methods will cause a large number of manufacturing defects, a space-dependent lattice material filling method for the curved plate is firstly proposed in this paper Next, using a face-centered cubic lattice, a lattice-material-infilled test piece with a hollow ratio of 40.8% is built. The test pieces are manufactured via additive manufacturing using titanium alloy. In bird-strike experimental tests, the test pieces are crashed against gelatin birds at an impact velocity of 200 m/s. Dynamic strain gauges are used to record the crash history and the results are discussed. Furthermore, a numerical analysis to simulate the bird-strike experiment is performed. The results from the experimental tests and numerical simulation agree well. This work shows that the lattice-material-infilled curved plate yields promising bird-strike resistance. Therefore, lattice-infilled materials are feasible for protecting aerospace components against bird-strike as well as for reducing the component weight.     

利用雷诺方程数值模拟波形壁湍流扰动场

为了研究波形壁湍流及由波形壁引起的扰动场,本文将N-S方程的联立解法应用于湍流。扰动场是从时间平均的湍流场中直接分解出来的。由此计算的类Stokes层仅局限于壁面附近的薄层内,它的特征可以通过对扰动场的分析加以解释。     

高温条件下RP-3航空煤油的结焦特性

为了解和掌握航空煤油在高温条件下的结焦性能,通过试验分别研究了RP-3航空煤油在静止状态下的结焦边界温度与结焦特性,以及不同燃油进口条件、壁温对结焦特性的影响。试验结果表明:燃油静止时其结焦边界温度介于437~450 K之间,且随着试验时间的增加,结焦速率呈下降趋势。增加流速,降低进口油温和壁温均可有效降低结焦的生成,且降低进口油温的影响最大。从时间尺度上来看,结焦在前期的累积较慢,但在形成一定量的结焦后结焦速率会明显提升,以400 K进口油温、800 K壁温、05 m/s燃油流速工况为例,8 h和12 h试验件的结焦量分别达到4 h试验件的约15倍和7倍。     

Influence of lunar regolith compressibility on sampling performance of thick wall spiral drills

A 2 m class robotic drill was sent to the Moon and successfully collected and returned regolith samples in late 2020 by China. It was a typical thick wall spiral drill (TWSD) with a hollow auger containing a complex coring system to retain subsurface regolith samples. Before the robotic drill was launched, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to investigate and predict the possible drilling loads it may encounter in the lunar environment. This work presents how the sampling performance of the TWSD is affected by the regolith compressibility. Experiments and analysis during the drilling and sampling process in a simulated lunar regolith environment were conducted. The compressibility of a typical lunar regolith simulant (LRS) was measured through uni-directional compression tests to study the relationship between its inner regolith stress and bulk density. A theoretical model was established to elucidate the cutting discharge behavior by auger flights based on the aforementioned relationship. Experiments were conducted with the LRS, and the results show that the sampling performance is greatly affected by the flux of the drilled cuttings into the spiral flight channels. This work helped in scheduling reasonable drilling parameters to promote the sampling performance of the robotic drill in the Chinese Chang'E 5 mission.