Finite Larmor radius effects in the magnetosphere

This article reviews theories and observations related to effects produced by finite (and large) Larmor radii of charged particles in the magnetosphere. The FLR effects depend on =r _H /L, wherer _H is the Larmor radius andL is the spatial scale for field/plasma inhomogeneity. The parameter is a basic expansion parameter for most equations describing plasma dynamics in the magnetosphere. The FLR effects enter naturally the drift approximation for particle motion and represent also non-ideal MHD terms in the fluid formalism. The linear and higher order terms in lead to charge separation, energization of particles, and produce viscosity without collisions. The FLR effects introduce also important corrections to the dispersion relations for MHD waves and drift instabilities. Expansion of plasma into magnetic field leads to filamentation of the plasma boundary and to creation of structures with thickness less than an ion gyroradius. Large Larmor radius effects (1) in curved magnetic field geometry lead to stochastic behaviour of particle trajectories and to deterministic chaos. The tiny scale of the electron and ion gyroradii does not necessarily mean that FLR/LLR phenomena have negligible effect on the macroscopic dynamics and energetics of the whole magnetosphere. On the contrary, the small scale gyro-effects may provide the physical mechanism for gyroviscous coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, the mechanism for triggering disruption of the magnetotail current layer, and the mechanism for parallel electric field that accelerate auroral particles.     

TiNi基形状记忆合金薄膜的相变特征研究

利用磁控溅射的方法在单晶Si和非晶SiO2基片上制备了TiNi和TiNiCu形状记忆合金薄膜,并利用示差扫描量热法和基片曲率法研究了薄膜的相变特征及应力随温度的变化.研究结果表明450℃溅射形成的记忆合金薄膜具有良好的形状记忆效应,在微电子机械系统有很好的应用前景.TiNi薄膜降温时出现R相变,因而发生两步相变,而TiNiCu薄膜中马氏体和奥氏体间直接转变.基片以及薄膜成份对相变点有很大的影响.单晶Si片作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜和基片间有很好的结合力,而SiO2作为基片时,记忆合金薄膜容易剥落.     

Two-Dimensional Modal Curvature for Damage Detection in Plates

Mode shape has become a hotspot of vibration-based damage detection in plates.Two-dimensional(2D)modal curvature(MC2D),derived from mode shapes,is a prevailing physical quantity used to indicate damage.Unfortunately,the physical mechanism of MC2 Dfor characterizing damage in plates has not been clarified to date.In contrast,one-dimensional(1D)modal curvature(MC1D)has explicit physical mechanism to portray damage in beams.Unresolved physical mechanism of MC2 Dseverely hampers its applications for damage identification in plates.To address this deficiency,the clarification mechanism of MC2 Dis investigated to identify damage.With the clarified mechanism,numerical and experimental cases are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of MC2 Din detecting damage in plates.     

现代战斗机最优过失速和高速转弯机动

通过分析水平面内的最快转弯和最小半径转弯，研究了现代战斗机的最优过失速机动和高速机动。利用最优控制理论，讨论和分析了最优倾侧角控制和推力控制规律。典型示例飞机的数值仿真计算结果表明，最优高速转弯轨迹是Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｓ等各段子弧的相应组合，它与发动机推力、飞行高度、端点马赫数、过载和空气动力约束等相关；提高发动机推力亦可减小最优转弯时间。     

X-47B飞翼气动布局设计分析

对X-47B双后掠飞翼布局的气动布局设计进行了研究,分析了前缘后掠角、外翼弦长等平面形状参数对单后掠、双后掠飞翼布局的气动及隐身特性的影响,讨论了内外翼采用不同前缘剖面形状的原因,总结了X-47B无人作战飞机布局的发展历程及详细设计阶段翼尖修形的效果,为飞翼布局飞机的气动隐身设计提供设计参考。     

Design and implementation of five-axis transformation function in CNC system

To implement five-axis functions in CNC system, based on domestic system Lan Tian series, an improved design method for the system software structure is proposed in this paper. The numerical control kernel of CNC system is divided into the task layer and the motion layer. A five-axis transformation unit is integrated into the motion layer. After classifying five-axis machines into different types and analyzing their geometry information, the five-axis kinematic library is designed according to the abstract factory pattern. Furthermore, by taking CA spindle- tilting machine as an example, the forward and the inverse kinematic transformations are deduced. Based on the new software architecture and the five-axis kinematic library, algorithms of RTCP （rotation tool center point control） and 3D radius compensation for end-milling are designed and realized. The milling results show that, with five-axis functions based on such software struc- ture, the instructions with respect to the cutter＇s position and orientation can be directly carried out in the CNC system.     

活塞理论气动力静压修正方法及其在曲壁板颤振分析中的应用

提出了一种采用计算流体力学(CFD)计算的压力分布对活塞理论气动力进行静压修正的方法,将该方法应用到曲壁板的静气动弹性变形及颤振稳定性分析中,并与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力的计算结果进行了对比.分析结果表明,采用本文提出的活塞理论气动力静压修正方法进行曲壁板的气动弹性分析,在圆柱曲壁板曲率较小的情况下,与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力方法得到的静气动弹性变形、稳定性边界差别不大;而在曲率较大时,采用本文方法计算得到的曲壁板静气动弹性变形,其曲壁板靠近前缘部分被压的更低,而曲壁板的颤振稳定性边界更小,且这种差别随着圆柱曲壁板曲率的增加而不断增大.该方法突破了曲率修正活塞理论的小曲率限制,扩大了活塞理论气动力在曲壁板颤振分析中的适用范围.     

Laplacian谱半径和阶数相等的c圈图

设G是1个无向的简单图,ν表示G的阶数,m_G(ν)表示ν作为G的Laplacian矩阵的特征值的重数.得到了Laplacian谱半径等于阶数的所有c圈图,研究了c与m_G(ν)之间的关系.给出了当G是森林、单圈图、双圈图、三圈图、四圈图时m_G(ν)的取值范围,并确定了m_G(ν)(≥1)在该取值范围内取不同值时的所有图.     

基于寿命预测模型的微动疲劳影响因素

以ABAQUS有限元分析软件为工具,通过计算接触面上的接触应力p(x)及切向应力τ分布,求得了Ruiz微动损伤参数k2(x),并以此为基础,建立了一种微动疲劳寿命预测模型,经验证该模型预测值与实验值比较吻合,证明了该模型的合理、有效性。利用所得模型,研究了3种参数变化对微动疲劳寿命的影响,结果表明:在其他参数保持不变的情况下,随着接触压力的增加,微动疲劳寿命迅速下降,在达到一个最低值后,随着压力的增加寿命反而增加;微动疲劳寿命随轴向应力增加而下降;对于较低的接触压力,寿命随压头半径的增加而增加,但在较高的接触压力下,随着压头半径的变化寿命几乎保持不变。     

Numerical simulation of viscous flows with adaptively refined Cartesian grid

Quadtree-based Cartesian grid was automatically generated from specified geometry.Adaptive refinements were performed according to geometric parameters and solution of flow field.An altered CCST (curvature corrected symmetry technique) approach was proposed to apply solid wall boundary conditions.Driven flows in a square cavity and flows around NACA0012 airfoil were simulated and compared with the result of published structured grid and stretched Cartesian grid.The results show that solid wall boundary condition are accurately applied by current altered CCST approach,while incompressible/compressible subsonic,transonic and supersonic viscous flows are adequately simulated with adaptively refined Cartesian grid.