2.5维机织复合材料疲劳寿命预测方法

针对疲劳载荷作用下的2.5维机织复合材料,建立了疲劳寿命预测方法.该方法主要包括单胞模型、疲劳失效判定准则和材料性能退化方法3部分.选取单胞模型为研究对象,利用三维有限元技术进行应力分析;引入改进的三维Hashin疲劳失效准则和Mises准则作为纤维束和树脂基体的疲劳失效判据;采用刚度性能突降准则描述疲劳失效后的材料性能,采用考虑纤维体积分数影响的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型描述失效前材料的性能.通过疲劳寿命预测值与试验值的对比,验证了疲劳寿命预测方法的有效性.研究表明:经向拉-拉疲劳寿命随经纱纤维体积分数增大而增加,纬向拉-拉疲劳寿命受纬纱纤维体积分数影响较小.      

航天器舷窗玻璃超高速撞击损伤与M/OD撞击风险评估

用北京卫星环境工程研究所的18mm口径二级轻气炮(TLGG)和20 J激光驱动微小飞片装置(LDFF-20)对用作航天器舷窗玻璃的熔融石英玻璃的超高速撞击损伤特性进行了实验研究和分析.其中,TLGG发射的球形铝弹丸直径分别为1 mm和3 mm,速度2～6.5 km/s;LDFF-20发射的圆柱形飞片厚度7 μm,直径1 mm,速度1～8.3 km/s.撞击结果为:对12 mm厚的熔融石英玻璃,直径为3mm的弹丸甚至在2.8 km/s的低速下就将其穿透,而直径为1 mm的弹丸在6.5km/s的高速下没有穿透,这说明弹丸直径对撞击损伤特性有很强的影响;LDFF-20发射的微小飞片的撞击仅在玻璃表面产生很浅的凹坑,没有裂纹产生,但微小飞片的累积撞击损伤明显地降低了玻璃的透光性.实验初步获得了侵彻深度PC、侵彻直径D1与弹丸撞击速度Vp、弹丸质量Mp之间的经验关系.依据实验结果和目前的微流星体/空间碎片(M/OD)环境工程模型,建议对于高度为400 km、轨道倾角42°、寿命为3年的典型航天器,其舷窗玻璃的临界安全(非穿透)厚度至少为12mm.     

国产双极工艺线性电路低剂量率辐照效应评估方法

国产双极工艺元器件应用于航天型号存在低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应风险,需要对其开展低剂量率辐照试验评估。在0.01 rad(Si)/s低剂量率辐照条件下,测试分析了不同工艺器件对不同偏置条件的敏感性差异;对比0.1 rad(Si)/s辐照试验结果,分析了器件的低剂量率辐射损伤增强效应特性,建立了辐射损伤增强因子和参数判据法相结合的评价标准;依据此标准讨论了各型号器件的低剂量率辐射增强敏感度以及抗电离总剂量辐射的能力。     

奔月轨道的一种求解方法

月球探测器转移轨道的计算通常归结为对商点边值问题的求解，而找到一种计算效率高、迭代次数少、同时具有较好收敛性的算法对于设计者来说是一件很重要的事。本文采用建立在B平面上的参数作为目标轨道参数，改进了状态转移矩阵迭代方法，并与状态转移矩阵方法相结合使用，给出了一种奔月轨道的求解方法。该方法具有计算效率高、迭代次数少的特点，并且对轨道状态量具有良好的线性关系(即对初始条件具有良好的收敛性)。计算算例表明了这种方法的有效性。     

空间模拟电子辐照环境下聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜的损伤和衰退

文章介绍了在实验室模拟空间静电放电环境下聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜所受到的损伤和污染.通过光学和扫描电子显微镜检测出了13种不同类型的损伤;而喷溅表面污染物由俄歇谱仪进行分析.文章进一步阐明了导致聚四氟乙烯二次表面镜的严重衰退的环境条件,评估了损伤与未损伤二次表面镜在太阳光谱范围内的反射特性,并比较了这些试样和标准铝板的热性能.     

A model of the effects of heavy ion radiation on human tissue

In heavy ion radiotherapy and space travel humans are exposed to energetic heavy ions (C, Si, Fe and others). This type of irradiation often produces more severe biological effects per unit dose than more common X-rays. A new Monte Carlo model generates a physical space with the complex geometry of human tissue or a cell culture based model of tissue, which is affected by the passage of ionizing radiation. For irradiation, the model relies on a physical code for the ion track structure; for tissues, cellular maps are derived from two- or three-dimensional confocal microscopy images using image segmentation algorithm, which defines cells as pixilated volumes. The model is used to study tissue-specific statistics of direct ion hits and the remote ion action on cells. As an application of the technique, we considered the spatial pattern of apoptotic cells after heavy ion irradiation. The pattern of apoptosis is modeled as a stochastic process, which is defined by the action cross section taken from available experimental data. To characterize the degree of apoptosis, an autocorrelation function that describes the spatial correlation of apoptotic cells is introduced. The values of the autocorrelation function demonstrate the effect of the directionality of the radiation track on the spatial arrangements of inactivated cells in tissue. This effect is intrinsic only to high linear-energy-transfer radiation.     

辅助平面法评定平面对平面倾斜度误差的数学模型

提出一种评定平面对平面倾斜度误差的新算法。该算法是通过确定辅助测量平面，在不含原理误差的条件下，快速、准确地确定符合其定义的倾斜度误差值。     

基于刚度下降的疲劳累积损伤模型的研究

复合材料在静态和动态载荷作用下的损伤是十分复杂的,对损伤的精确建模是关系到复合材料力学行为描述的关键问题.从应变等效性假设出发,通过分析和描述疲劳过程中刚度和应变的演化规律,提出能够描述材料疲劳损伤演化过程的、以应变定义的和在疲劳过程中真实地反映材料动态本构关系的损伤因子,建立考虑残余应变的刚度下降复合材料疲劳损伤模型.T300/KH-304是我国新近研制的高性能航空复合材料,应用此模型开展对其疲劳损伤行为的分析与研究.在岛津液压伺服试验机上,加载频率控制在4.1 Hz,对这种材料的层合板进行4个常幅应力水平的疲劳实验,建立了T300/KH-304复合材料的疲劳模型的数学表达,经验证模型优于经典的疲劳模型的S-N曲线拟合精度,最大的误差仅为2.4％,且能反应疲劳损伤的发展规律.      

材料非线性对复合材料层板损伤的影响

根据Hahn-Tsai非线性应力应变关系,用有限元方法对受拉伸载荷作用的含孔复合材料层板损伤演变进行了模拟计算,由非线性有限元方法得到的应力、应变以及最终载荷与以往线性分析方法得到的结果比较表明:考虑材料非线性可以提高计算精度;参数研究表明非线性系数的变化对正交各向异性板的影响较大,而对准各向同性板的影响较少.     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.