航空发动机风扇机匣振动故障分析

在航空发动机研发与试车过程中,曾出现风扇机匣振动偏大且振幅存在摆动现象。为明确故障原因,从机匣和转子的振动特性以及机匣变形等多方面对振动测试数据和信号进行了分析。结果表明：振动故障是由机匣变形引起转、静子间隙不协调导致转、静件碰摩所引起的;在机匣发生局部共振情况下,碰摩形式发生变化,引起振动幅值出现摆动现象。     

Non-synchronous blade vibration analysis of a transonic fan

This study numerically investigates the aeromechanic behavior of a transonic fan model with a flat tip-leading-edge on the NASA rotor 67 test case. Single-passage unsteady calculations at a near stall operating point of 82% design speed show that the dominant frequencies of mass flow were not the harmonics of the rotor rotational frequency. A full-annulus fluid–structure interaction analysis was subsequently carried out to examine the unsteady flows and their interactions with blade vibrations. The results show that the modal displacement of the backward traveling seventh nodal diameter of the second torsion mode grew exponentially, which reveals that the blade vibration was non-synchronous. The vibration pattern indicates that the aerodynamic mode was resonant with the structural vibration mode. Around the rotor tip, the circumferential vortical propagation induced by interactions among the main flow, tip leakage flow, and tip clearance vortex was the source of aerodynamic excitation. To clarify the mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the coupling between aerodynamic disturbance and structural response, i.e., aliasing, was summarized. The frequency spectra of the fluctuating pressure show that an aerodynamic Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) was co-aliased to a structural BTW due to the propagation of the circumferential vortex. The correlation between the frequency and free convective speed of the aerodynamic disturbance determined the directions of aliasing.     

随机扰动下的航天器姿轨保持自抗扰控制

空间飞行器在轨运行过程中除受空间摄动外，还因飞行器任务需要产生随机扰动力和扰动力矩。针对空间飞行器受随机扰动产生的耦合运动控制问题，提出了利用自抗扰方法进行轨道保持和姿态稳定的控制方法。通过引入二阶线性扩展状态观测器，对系统总扰动和状态进行观测。结合PD控制方法结合总扰动前馈补偿，克服空间主要摄动及飞行器本身产生的随机扰动，实现轨道保持和姿态稳定。仿真试验结果表明:该方法可以有效克服总扰动的影响，实现姿轨协同控制。     

基于几何设计法的航空发动机内外机匣减振控制新方法

航空发动机在运行过程中，由于其结构的复杂性和外部气流的不稳定性，不可避免地会产生大量的振动问题。针对航空发动机整机振动问题，首先根据航空发动机的实际结构并结合经验总结，建立了一种通用的转子-支承-机匣振动传递动力学模型，并从航空发动机内外机匣减振控制问题出发，利用一种新型的控制算法（几何设计法），在有限频域内来设计减振控制器，在传感器和执行机构受限的情况下，尝试对多个输出量（即航空发动机的内机匣和外机匣）进行减振控制，并与经典控制理论法比例、微分、积分（Proportional integral derivative,PID）设计的减振控制器进行减振效果对比，最后通过Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型并进行仿真验证。结果表明，几何设计法在有限频域内可以直观地获得最优控制器的存在性、唯一性、最优性，对于主控对象的减振控制最优可高达25 dB，相较于传统控制方法形成明显优势。     

Optimized design of high-efficiency lunar soil sampling tube structure based on stress–strain law

Understanding the influence of the sampling apparatus on in-situ lunar soil lamination information during the sampling process of the direct push-through lunar weathering layer is of great importance. This paper develops a discrete element model for direct push-through lunar weathering layer sampling using the CUG-1A simulated lunar soil developed by the China University of Geosciences as a simulation object and determines the stress–strain law of the inner wall of a sampling tube. A method for optimizing the inner wall structure of a sampling tube based on the stress–strain law is proposed. The structural disturbance of the marker layer and the lunar soil disturbance rate evaluation function are used to assess the degree of disturbance of the laminar information during the sampling process. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the structural disturbance of the lunar soil in-situ laminar information. In addition, it can also optimize the structural information disturbance of the marker layer. The proposed method can decrease the simulated lunar soil disturbance rate from 0.31 to 0.251 and effectively reduce the penetration force load by 15–20% in the direct push-through sampling process.     

车载惯导系统抗扰动自对准方法对比研究

自对准技术是陆基机动平台及装备用惯导系统的一项关键技术,其核心在于惯导系统如何在风扰、发动机振动、人员走动等各种干扰下实现快速、高精度对准.针对目前常用的惯性系解析自对准、Kalman滤波估计自对准和惯性系奇异值分解(SVD)自对准等三种方法进行了研究和对比分析,根据三种对准方法各自的实现原理,提出了一种有针对性的抗扰动优化方法,并通过了数学仿真分析和车载试验验证.结果 表明,在车载使用环境下,后两种方法都能获得较为准确的姿态信息,惯性系SVD方法可以达到与Kalman滤波方法相当的对准精度和收敛速度,且无需先验信息即可获得最优解,表现出了较好的工程应用优势.     

航空发动机0Cr18Ni9 不锈钢导管数控弯曲回弹规律

为了有效地解决航空发动机导管弯曲成形时的回弹问题，开展了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢管数控弯曲工艺试验，采用单一变量 法研究了管径、壁厚、相对弯曲半径、弯曲角对回弹的影响规律，并通过数值仿真和正交试验法分析了弯曲速度、弯模间隙等工艺 参数，以及弹性模量、屈服强度、硬化指数对弯曲回弹角的影响。结果表明：回弹角与弯曲角呈显著的线性关系，当弯曲角在180° 以内时，回弹角为1.6°~6.0°；建立了回弹角预测线性方程，预测误差在[-0.425°，0.502°]内的概率为99.74%，并基于此方程开展了全 尺寸导管的回弹角预测和补偿工艺试验；在各工艺参数中弯曲速度和弯模间隙对回弹角的影响较大，可引起大于0.5°的偏差，而 因材料参数变化导致的回弹角变化不超过0.05°。