摄影景深控制的几个技术问题

本文论述了三种景深控制形式与艺术内容表现、艺术价值创造的关系。     

DA4169合金高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率

实验研究了直接时效ＤＡ４１６９合金５５０℃、６５０℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为，并进行了带上峰值保持时间的试验。结果表明：连续循环的ｄａ／ｄＮ值基本上与普通４１６９的相当，但在６５０℃下略优；６５０℃带上峰值保时１５ｓ的ｄａ／ｄＮ值比连续循环的大大加速。     

GH4169合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能的试验研究

本研究中对GH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了试验研究。主要进行了400℃～600℃范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展试验．其中对GH4169环形锻件进行了室温下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。结果表明，在400℃-600℃范围内，温度对GH4169高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能的影响很小，随温度上升，裂纹扩展速率稍有加快；优质成分对GH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能几乎没有影响，在相同温度下，YZGH4169与GH4169的疲劳裂纹扩展速率几乎一样；材料品种对YSGH4169高温合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能有一定影响，YSGH4169锻件比棒材的疲劳裂纹扩展性能要好一些。     

含非对称裂纹三维有限大体应力强度因子能量释放率方法的封闭解

 本文提出一种新的半工程半解析的方法,导出含非对称裂纹三维有限大体应力强度因子的封闭解。根据此方法,只需少量的机时,即可获得一系列结果。本方法及所得结果在工程上有实际应用价值。     

TC21钛合金的微观组织对力学性能的影响

研究了两相钛合金TC21关于两种不同微观组织(片状组织和网篮组织)的拉伸性能、断裂韧性和疲劳裂纹扩展性能.结果显示:片状组织相比网篮组织有相近的拉伸强度,但塑性较差;两者的韧性相差不大,但增韧机理不同;网篮组织在中低速扩展区的扩展速率和片状组织几乎相同,但在较高速扩展区显示略低的扩展速率;加载方向对两种组织的疲劳裂纹扩展速率基本无影响;和其他钛合金类似,TC21在Paris区存在转折.     

风洞试验中风剖面的模拟及近流场特性分析

首先简单介绍了日本东京工艺大学风工程研究中心新建的开环流低速边界层风洞中风剖面模拟的试验情况.基于试验结果,采用被广泛应用的三角尖劈加上布置粗糙元的方法,成功地模拟出日本建筑学会定义的四类不同场地对应的风剖面.通过对试验数据的比较分析,就所采用的立方体粗糙元及三角尖劈对最终模拟得到的风剖面特性的影响进行了比较分析.其次,对风剖面模拟及特性判定中的几个重要问题,如三角尖劈的形状优化、风速功率谱的一致性、积分尺度的分析方法等进行了分析.最后,基于以上分析,对在边界层风洞中模拟预定的风剖面提出几点参考意见.     

疲劳裂纹扩展随机过程相关参数的估计

对数正态随机过程模型是可靠性与损伤容限分析中常用的裂纹扩展随机模型.在裂纹扩展对数正态随机过程模型的基础上,建立了由试验数据估计一般平稳正态随机过程相关参数的方法.应用这种方法可以直接由试验数据估计随机过程的相关参数.同时,给出了用Monte-Carlo方法估算置信区间的方法.最后,给出了用具体试验数据,这组试验数据共有237个数据点,估计随机过程相关参数的算例.     

波音737NG飞机平尾内梁下蒙皮裂纹的修理

介绍了水平安定面内梁下蒙皮裂纹的成因以及发现裂纹后的修理方法，结合定检维修经验对裂纹损伤修理方案和经常出现的问题进行了分析总结，并给出了修理工期控制的建议。     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.