A novel approach of testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems based on failure evolution mechanism

Prognostics and health management (PHM) significantly improves system availability and reliability, and reduces the cost of system operations. Design for testability (DFT) developed concurrently with system design is an important way to improve PHM capability. Testability modeling and analysis are the foundation of DFT. This paper proposes a novel approach of testability modeling and analysis based on failure evolution mechanisms. At the component level, the fault progression-related information of each unit under test (UUT) in a system is obtained by means of failure modes, evolution mechanisms, effects and criticality analysis (FMEMECA), and then the failure-symptom dependency can be generated. At the system level, the dynamic attributes of UUTs are assigned by using the bond graph methodology, and then the symptom-test dependency can be obtained by means of the functional flow method. Based on the failure-symptom and symptom-test dependencies, testability analysis for PHM systems can be realized. A shunt motor is used to verify the application of the approach proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this approach is able to be applied to testability modeling and analysis for PHM systems very well, and the analysis results can provide a guide for engineers to design for testability in order to improve PHM performance.     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

“三位一体”中小企业民间融资制度的构想

民间融资作为配置资金资源的一种有效手段,在解决金融排斥、推进社会经济发展方面发挥着积极作用.中小企业民间融资在实际运行过程中出现了一系列问题,其症结在于制度的缺失.为引导其健康有序发展,从未来的需要和趋势来看,应尽快建立起法律制度、金融制度和征信制度“三位一体”的中小企业民间融资制度体系.     

一种空间相机用小型锁定组件设计

在卫星发射阶段,采用锁定组件对空间相机中的活动部件进行锁定可以提高活动部件的基频和抗振动能力、减少振动对机构精度的影响。一种用于空间相机中活动部件锁定和解锁的小型锁定组件,采用电机正反转动带动滚子从动件径向凸轮机构来实现锁定、解锁功能。文章详细介绍了小型锁定组件组成和工作原理,通过设计实例对机构进行了受力分析计算、验证了电机和结构设计参数选择的合理性。装机地面试验和环境试验结果表明,所设计的锁定组件性能稳定、工作可靠,很好地满足了空间相机使用要求。     

Ni/Ti中间层部分瞬间液相法连接C/C复合材料和GH3044

采用Ni/Ti中间层,部分瞬间液相法(Partial Transient Liquid-Phase,简称PTLP)连接C/C复合材料和GH3044,通过SEM+EDS对接头的微观结构和元素分布进行了表征,并分析了接头形成机理。研究表明,这种方法可实现C/C复合材料与中间层、中间层与GH3044界面处的良好结合;所得接头截面为GH3044/扩散层/残余Ni层/Ni-Ti金属间化合物层/炭化物反应层/C/C复合材料;随保温时间的延长,接头中金属间化合物Ni3Ti不断生长,同时两侧的Ni、NiTi被逐渐消耗。另外,因为C/C复合材料和GH3044的热膨胀系数(Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,CTE)差别很大,所以冷却过程中产生了较大的热应力,导致C/C复合材料/中间层界面附近出现了大尺寸裂纹,使接头性能下降,其剪切强度仅有9.78 MPa。     

锥齿轮副误差测量成组夹具设计

本文重点讨论了锥齿轮副齿圈跳动误差、背锥及面锥相对零件中心线的位置误差、齿根余量误差和齿轮啮合中心距误差测量专用夹具解决的技术难点,提高锥齿轮副的误差检测的精度,为测量夹具提供思路。     

从耦合机理探析电磁干扰有效防护措施

对不同耦合方式下产生的电磁干扰,从其耦合机理出发,分别探析了干扰形成的过程及防护措施与实现方法,在此基础上提出了按照功能分层进行综合设计来实现系统电磁防护的有效方法。     

起落架系统的检查与维护

针对飞机起落架系统的故障机理及故障特点,总结分析了固定式起落架与可收放式起落架系统的故障类型,并概述了在日常检查和维护工作中所使用的方法及程序,为该系统的维护及检查提供了有力的依据。     

单晶硅电火花线切割表面损伤层形成机理

 为了研究单晶硅电火花线切割(WEDM)表面损伤层的损伤形式和形成机理,以电火花线切割加工后的单晶硅表面为研究对象,采用表面形貌观察分析及择优腐蚀方法研究了单晶硅经过电火花线切割后的加工表面.研究结果表明单晶硅经电火花放电加工后表面损伤形式分为4种:热损伤、应力损伤、热与应力综合作用损伤及电解/电化学腐蚀损伤.热损伤使得硅表面形成多晶或非晶硅;应力损伤使硅表面产生裂纹;热与应力综合作用会产生小孔效应,且随着放电功率密度的增加,小孔会明显增多;电解/电化学作用会加快损伤区域及杂质元素富集区域的腐蚀.     

CATIA草图辅助线及关系曲线在四杆机构设计中的应用

在用草图工具进行四杆机构设计的过程中,为了解决代数等值参数不可调的问题,采用几何相等辅助线的方法,使所有参数在限制范围内均可调。同时为了更直观地展示四杆机构各几何、运动参数之间的函数关系及变化趋势,运用VB工具进行了在草图中展示关系曲线的二次开发。经过实践证明,以上创新方法的应用能够显著提高概念论证和方案选择阶段机构设计的效率和质量。