海洋环境及其对直升机飞行影响

 海洋环境对飞行的影响,主要指风浪和海洋气象的变化,它们不仅影响直升机飞行性能还将直接危及飞行的安全。 1.海洋环境的主要特点 （1）风浪大 根据海洋学家多年的观测,北太半洋冬季出现浪高2.4m以上的大浪频率达40～60％,而夏季又是台风多发区,风浪更大。     

IBM-PC型微机CAD软件集成研究

 由于CAD方面的应用软件是分散开发的,故这些应用软件所采用的语言,输入输出格式以及数据存贮方式都不相同,如何将这些各自开发的应用程序集成为一个有实用价值的CAD系统,本文试图提出两种解决办法。     

喷管内缝隙流场与热环境数值模拟研究

用有限元素法数值模拟了固体火箭发动机喷管内缝隙的流场和热环境。采用非结构的高分辨率的有限元离散格式,计算了不同攻角和不同Ｍａ数的缝隙内压力分布和气动加热,分析了缝隙内流场和热环境特性,数值结果与风洞实验结果符合很好。     

Charging of dust grains by anisotropic solar wind multi-component plasma

In this paper we study the charging process of small grain particles by anisotropic multi-component solar wind plasmas (electrons, protons and heavy ions), versus two-component (electron/proton) plasmas. We are focusing attention on the important characteristics of the charging process, namely the charging time, floating potential and current content as functions of plasma parameters such as He⁺⁺/H⁺ (α/p) number density and T_α/T_p temperature ratios of alpha particles to protons, as well as plasma streaming velocity v₀. Measured statistical properties of solar wind plasma parameters at 1 AU show considerable variations in α/p-temperature ratios from 1 to 10, in α/p-number density ratio from 0.01 to 0.35, as well as in values of streaming velocity v₀ from 200 km/s to 1000 km/s and more. Periods of these variations could last for several days each, leading to significant variability in the charging process, according to newly derived general analytical expressions. Numerical calculations performed for protons/alphas plasmas showed large disparity in the charging characteristics. For example, in anisotropic plasma, grain charging time varies up to 90% depending on α/p-particles temperature and number density ratios, whereas changes in floating potential are up to 40%. In contrast, in isotropic plasma, charging characteristic for grains do not change very much for the same plasma parameters variations, with charging time varying about 12% and floating potential only varying about 4%. It is also shown that in highly anisotropic plasma, with all ballistic electrons and ions, dust grains could not hold their charges, and characteristic discharged time is calculated. We note that the analysis is equally applicable to any sized body immersed in solar wind plasma.     

The hydroxyl radical as an indicator of SEP fluxes in the high-latitude terrestrial atmosphere

The low background values at nighttime of the mesospheric hydroxyl (OH) radical make it easier to single out the atmospheric response to the external solar forcing in Polar Regions. Because of the short lifetime of HO_x, it is possible to follow the trails of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events in the terrestrial atmosphere, as shown by Storini and Damiani (2008). The sensitivity of this indicator makes discernible not only extreme particle events with a flux peak of several thousand pfu [1 pfu = 1 particle/(cm² s sr)] at energies >10 MeV, but also those with lower flux up to about 300 pfu. Using data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on board the EOS AURA satellite, we examined the correlation of OH abundance vs. solar proton flux for almost all the identified SEP events spanning from November 2004 to December 2006 (later on no more SEP events occurred during Solar Cycle no. 23). The channels at energies greater than 5 MeV and 10 MeV showed the best correlation values (r ∼ 0.90–0.95) at altitudes around 65–75 km whereas, as expected, the most energetic channels were most highly correlated at lower altitudes. Therefore, it is reasonably possible to estimate the solar proton flux from values of mesospheric OH (and viceversa) and it could be useful in studying periods with gaps in the records of solar particles.     

基于数据模型的某型民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀影响因素研究

 为研究舱内环境因素对民用飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响,采集了停场飞机的货舱内外环境指标的数据,建立线性模型,给出了飞机货舱内外环境指标的数量关系。收集了国内几家航空公司某型民用飞机长期的结构腐蚀维修数据,计算了飞机货舱区域腐蚀频率与环境因素的灰色关联度,选取影响腐蚀的主要环境因素,提取主成分消除环境因素之间的多重共线性,建立腐蚀频率的多因素回归模型,研究了各类环境因素对飞机货舱区域腐蚀的影响规律与特点。分析结果表明:高温高湿天数与降水指标对该型飞机货舱区域腐蚀有显著的促进作用,并且不同航空公司的货舱区域腐蚀频率有显著差异,表明运营、结构检查和维护等人为因素对货舱区域腐蚀有显著影响。分析结果符合民用飞机货舱腐蚀控制的工程经验,表明研究方法是合理的。     

小微企业征信体系建设的困境

建立完善的征信体系是化解小微企业融资难问题的有效手段。目前我国小微企业征信体系的建设还处于起步阶段,小微企业自身不仅不够重视征信工作,而且在国家法律层面和制度层面上也存在诸多缺失和缺位现象,严重制约了小微企业乃至整个社会征信体系的建设。发现并有效地解决这些问题,对于化解小微企业融资难、夯实我国社会主义市场经济的信用基础具有重要意义。     

海洋环境下军用飞机腐蚀及其系统工程性控制技术研究

阐述了海洋环境下军用飞机腐蚀特点,指出了军机腐蚀防护与控制技术总则,详细论述了军机腐蚀控制是一个涉及到飞机方案论证、设计、生产制造、维护与维修等诸多环节的系统工程性问题,而不仅仅是在维护与维修阶段对腐蚀的排除和简单的防锈问题。为此,要求针对不同环节开展相关试验,制定相应的科学合理的指导性文件和规范,并加以认真贯彻和履行,同时还需要使用和维修部门及时向设计与生产部门反馈维护、维修中发现的不合理的腐蚀控制设计细节,不断完善腐蚀控制的指导性文件和规范,全面提升海洋环境下军机腐蚀防护与控制水平。     

局部催化特性差异对气动热环境影响的计算分析

高温气体非平衡效应及其壁面催化效应对高超声速飞行器气动热环境造成显著影响,是当前高超声速飞行器气动热环境预测和热防护设计的关键问题之一。考虑高温空气离解与电离等化学反应、气体分子热力学激发、流动中的非平衡效应和壁面催化效应,通过数值求解三维热化学非平衡Navier-Stokes方程和壁面处质量、能量平衡关系,完善了高温气体热化学非平衡流场有限催化气动热环境数值计算方法和计算程序,采用典型算例进行了考核验证。在此基础上,开展了不同条件下高超声速飞行器热化学非平衡流场气动热环境数值模拟,分析局部催化特性差异对气动热环境的影响。研究表明：所建立的高超声速飞行器热化学非平衡流场有限催化气动热环境数值计算方法及程序,其数值模拟结果与飞行试验、文献符合;局部催化特性差异会导致热流跳变,其热流跳变量与催化特性差异量、材料分布方式等有关;催化特性差异较大时,局部区域热流可能远远高于飞行器全表面完全催化的热流结果,此时将飞行器在全表面完全催化（FCW）和完全非催化（NCW）条件下的数值模拟结果作为实际飞行过程中表面热流的上、下限这一简化处理方式,是不可取的。     

机载三股流板翅式冷凝器数值计算与实验研究

分析了翅片、隔板和流体的传热规律,采用有限容积法建立了包含相变流和交叉式在内的多股流板翅式换热器数学模型。基于蒸发制冷循环试验台,在4种工况条件下对机载交叉式三股流板翅式冷凝器换热性能进行了实验,并在特定工况下,通过温度场分析了各股流体间的换热特性。经数值计算与实验结果的对比,流体换热量的最大相对误差为8.08%,满足工程设计计算需求。通过定性分析,认为流体流量分配不均、相变流体潜热以及相变对流表面换热系数的计算是误差的主要来源。