一种非链式非完整球形机器人的反步轨迹跟踪控制器(英文)

Spherical robot has good static and dynamic stability, which provides it with strong viability in hostile environment, but the lack of effective control methods has hindered its application and development. This article deals with the dynamic trajectory tracking problem of the spherical robot BHQ-2 designed for unmanned environment exploration. The dynamic model of the spherical robot is established with a simplified Boltzmann-Hamel equation, based on which a trajectory tracking controller is designed by using the back-stepping method. The convergence of the controller is proved with the Lyapunov stability theory. Numerical simulations show that with the controller the robot can globally and asymptotically track desired trajectories, both linear and circular.     

航天器机械臂柔性力控辅助装配方法

文章从装配的实际需求出发,提出一种航天器机械臂柔性力控辅助装配方法:通过在机械臂末端法兰与负载之间安装的六维力传感器感知作用力与力矩信息,人手直接作用于机械臂末端的负载,系统通过负载的重力补偿算法获得人手作用的力与力矩信息,而后以力/力矩信息作为输入来控制机械臂进行移动或转动,使负载柔性跟随人手运动。文章给出了装配方法的详细设计方案与相关算法,并进行了初步试验验证。试验表明,该装配方法可以有效提高在航天器狭小空间内进行大重量工件安装的效率,且安全可靠。     

载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动学特性研究

针对载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人的运动学问题,引入具有非完整特性的载体 姿态无扰约束方程,推导了载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人广义雅可比矩阵。采用等效 杆的概念,分析了普通状态的自由漂浮空间机器人和载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人可 达工作空间;基于载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人广义雅可比矩阵所得到的奇异方程, 研究了载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人动力学奇异性。仿真结果验证了普通状态的自由 漂浮空间机器人与载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动学问题的差异性。研究结果为载 体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划及控制研究奠定了理论基础。
     

仿生机器鱼尾鳍拍动的控制算法

两关节尾鳍拍动控制是一个在高速、大载荷下的运动控制问题,它要求同时保证速度和位置波形失真都比较小.论证了尾鳍拍动推进方式与鱼体波动推进方式的一致性,根据尾鳍拍动的运动规律导出了用于拍动控制的数学模型.基于SPC-III机器鱼硬件平台,在主臂控制上,提出了根据摆角位置解算转速,并结合时间与摆角位置关系进行速度补偿的算法;在小臂控制上,提出了根据两关节摆角位置的关系及程序循环周期解算小臂目标位置的跟随算法.对高频拍动的实现进行了探讨.在试验中对尾鳍拍动的跟随性进行了验证.      

基于分层式强化学习的移动机器人导航控制

针对未知环境下的移动机器人导航问题,本文提出了一种基于分层式强化学习的混合式控制方法。利用栅格-拓扑相结合的环境表示及地图学习方法,通过分层式强化学习在不同控制层次的扩展设计移动机器人的反应式和慎思式导航控制,实现了全局导航和局部导航控制的协调优化。实验及测试结果证明,该控制方法能实现导航任务的全局优化,避免陷入局部极小,并对未知动态环境具有较强的适应性。     

双臂空间机器人关节运动的一种增广自适应控制方法

讨论了载体位置、姿态均不受控制情况下,具有未知参数的自由漂浮双臂空间机器人系统的自适应控制问题.由于此类机器人系统具有结合系统动量及动量矩守恒关系得到完全能控形式的系统动力学方程,以及系统惯性参数不符合惯常的线性函数关系的特点,因而地面机器人的控制方法在此难以直接推广应用.为了克服上述难点,仅将系统动量守恒关系耦合到系统动力学方程当中,而不耦合系统动量矩守恒关系,结果得到一组欠驱动形式的系统动力学方程.该系统动力学方程的优点是关于一组组合惯性参数能保持惯常的线性函数关系.以此为基础,并借助增广变量法,针对双臂空间机器人末端爪手所持载荷参数未知的情况,设计了关节空间轨迹跟踪的自适应控制方案.该控制方案的显著优点为,不需要测量、反馈双臂空间机器人漂浮基的位置、移动速度和移动加速度.系统的数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性.      

气动FA补偿变结构Bang-Bang位置伺服算法

 首先提出了一种基于两位两通高速开关阀的无杆气缸脉宽调制（PWM）控制方案,为气缸提供了中位截止机能。然后针对Bang-Bang控制算法中存在的超调和振荡现象,提出了摩擦力和加速度（FA）补偿的变结构Bang-Bang算法。该算法综合位置和速度误差的影响构造了加速度方向切换评价函数,考虑了摩擦力对控制量设定的影响,分别依据阶跃函数、线性函数和反正切函数对活塞加速度值进行动态设定,实现了运动过程中对活塞摩擦力的补偿和加速度的调整。最后,利用该算法进行了无杆气缸的带载伺服定位试验,对3种加速度设定函数的控制效果做了比较。结果证明FA补偿变结构算法在提高气缸定位精度方面有显著效果。     

碳化硅反射镜柔带磨削方案设计与验证

碳化硅材料比刚度高、导热性好、热稳定性好,是一种优良的反射镜材料,在空间光学遥感器中有着广泛的应用。同时,它具有硬度高、脆性大的特点,给反射镜加工带来困难,且加工周期长。比较了碳化硅材料不同加工技术的优缺点,选择了机器人柔性砂带磨削技术作为研究对象。针对某1550mm直径碳化硅反射镜坯加强筋的去除要求,设计了一套新型机器人柔带磨削系统,利用有限元方法对加工中的镜体应力进行了分析,并完成了某镜坯加强筋的去除,残余筋高度0.5～1mm。反射镜镜坯在完成镜面精磨、镀膜等处理后,利用干涉仪测试面形RMS为0.0157λ(λ=632.8nm),满足使用需求。遥感器于2020年发射,反射镜在轨运行表现良好。     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.