未来移动通信网络中移动边缘计算技术

未来移动通信网络将面临移动数据业务和流量急剧增加,需要低时延和低能耗的高效技术。移动边缘计算(Mobile edge computing,MEC)在网络边缘侧进行计算卸载和资源存储,能极大地降低处理时延和能耗,提高用户服务体验。本文首先概述了MEC的基本原理和技术特点;然后通过具体的MEC的应用场景,进一步总结了MEC技术的优势;最后在现有工作的基础上,给出了MEC可能面临的挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了论述与展望。MEC将会进一步推动计算和通信的融合,助力5G进入新场景多需求下的多技术融合新阶段。     

基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术

针对低轨互联网星座的发展以及天基应用不断拓展对计算能力的需求,开展基于天基边缘计算的在轨智能技术研究,这对提升星地带宽利用率和实时决策效率具有重要意义。提出了以低轨卫星为核心的天基边缘计算架构,在此基础上,进一步提出了一种基于深度模仿学习的智能计算卸载模型,以及该模型的在轨分布式联邦学习训练方案。基于空天地海一体化网络,开展了面向移动应用的实时计算卸载决策,以及空间数据、模型的在轨学习及训练方法研究。该方案在保障空间数据隐私的基础上,可进一步降低程序运行时延和提升模型的决策准确率。结果表明:与传统方法相比,该技术最多降低了54.96%的程序运行时延。     

天基边缘计算系统设计及关键技术

卫星具有覆盖范围广、抗灾害性强等特点,随着卫星研制与发射成本的不断降低,推动卫星与地面移动通信网络、物联网(IoT)、云计算中心深度融合,构建天地一体化网络和应用架构,已成为航天发展的重要方向。随着地面多用户、大数据量的接入,亟须开展卫星在轨数据处理技术相关研究,提升卫星的在轨服务能力和质量。本文提出了对卫星计算资源进行整合,构建天基边缘计算系统,并提出了天基边缘计算的3种资源管理策略和4种平台部署协同模式。此外,对天基边缘计算的优势和还需解决的关键技术进行了分析,并搭建了天基边缘计算原型系统,对不同计算卸载策略性能进行了分析。     

基于Sigma方法的SAR图像斑点噪声滤波器

文章基于传统Sigma滤波器,提出了一种新的SAR图像滤波方法。首先,分析指出传统Sigma滤波器处理复合噪声和保持弱边缘的能力较弱的缺点。然后,改进Sigma滤波器的δ-条件,使之更加适应复合噪声分布条件下的SAR图像滤波。提出了灰度中心偏移的Sigma滤波（GCOSF）,增强Sigma滤波器保持弱边缘的能力。在GC...     

开槽处理技术对叶片尾缘气流流动特性的影响

提出了从叶片压力面向吸力面开槽的处理技术, 设计了在80%～94%h叶高位置的叶片尾缘处的开槽方案, 对叶片开槽处理后的压气机工作流场进行了数值分析.结果表明:小槽进口对叶片压力面附面层低速气流具有一定的抽吸作用, 使部分压力面附面层气流和部分主流被吸入小槽并进行加速, 这股气流将从小槽出口流出, 它能够对叶背尾缘附面层内低速气流进行加速, 从而控制或延缓附面层气流分离, 并进一步减弱了尾缘附面层分离气流与叶片尾流的掺混.深入分析流场发现, 小槽出口气流还可以控制吸力面附面层气流沿叶根向叶尖的潜移, 从而防止大量附面层气流在叶尖堆积.因此采用开槽处理技术能够有效改善叶片尾缘流场的流动特性, 提高流场的稳定性.      

航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩的构型设计与优化

针对当前航天器遮光罩轻量化的需求，在保证薄膜遮光罩有效面积不变的前提下，根据质量和有效面积占比设计了一款柔性平面薄膜遮光罩。以提高薄膜边缘应力的同时尽量避免有效圆面积占比减少为优化目标，对薄膜遮光罩的边缘做弧边优化设计。结果表明，当薄膜遮光罩为正六边形时，既能保证结构对称性，又能获得较低的单位有效面积占比对应质量。通过应力叠加法建立了薄膜遮光罩的应力分布模型，求出薄膜边缘应力的理论计算值。探究了弧边拱高的增加对薄膜边缘应力和有效圆面积占比的影响规律，当二者的函数曲线相交于一点时，可取为薄膜弧边的最优拱高。根据设计的薄膜遮光罩参数，搭建薄膜遮光罩的试验样机并进行展开试验。薄膜遮光罩可完全展开，薄膜边缘张紧度高，证明了薄膜遮光罩系统方案设计的可靠性，弧边设计可有效提高薄膜边缘的应力水平。     

边缘网络下多无人机协同计算和资源分配联合优化策略

针对边缘网络环境下多人机之间存在计算负载不均，造成卸载任务失败的问题，提出了一种多无人机间协作的智能任务卸载方案。通过联合考虑多无人机任务分配、计算资源分配和无人机飞行轨迹，引入公平性指数建立了无人机公平负载最大化和能量消耗最小化问题。基于多智能体深度强化学习框架，提出了融合轨迹规划和任务卸载的分布式算法。仿真结果表明，所提出的多无人机协作方案可以显著提高任务完成率和负载公平度，并且有效适用于大规模用户设备场景。     

基于高轨导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统

高轨卫星导航接收机是实现高轨航天器自主定轨的核心设备。为在地面测试阶段对高轨卫星导航接收机进行充分高效的验证，亟需设计基于高轨卫星导航接收机的地面测试系统。设计了一种基于高轨卫星导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统，主要创新点如下：第一，本系统可对高轨卫星导航接收机实际在轨状态下接收到的导航星座信号进行仿真；第二，具有模拟包含北斗三号等多导航卫星星座信号的功能；第三，本系统充分考虑自动化、通用化与一体化设计。提出的基于高轨卫星导航接收机的自动化地面测试系统能够在地面测试阶段对高轨卫星导航接收机进行充分验证，并充分考虑测试实施，从自动化、通用化、一体化方面提升测试效率，减少人为操作失误导致的质量问题，解决人工判读带来的误判漏判问题。     

Method for utilizing PIV to investigate high curvature and acceleration boundary layer flows around the compressor blade leading edge

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-developed and contactless technique in experimental fluid mechanics, but the strong velocity gradient and streamline curvature near the wall substantially limits its accuracy improvement. This paper presents a data processing procedure combining conventional PIV and newly developed Mirror Interchange (MI) based Interface-PIV for the measurement of the boundary layer parameter development in the blade leading edge region. The synthetic particle images are used to analyze the measurement errors in the entire procedure. Overall, three types of errors, namely the errors caused by the Window Deformation Iterative Multigrid (WIDIM) algorithm, the discrete data interpolation and integration, and the wall offset uncertainty, comprise the main measurement error. Specifically, the errors due to the discrete data interpolation and integration and the WIDIM algorithm comprise the mean bias, which can be corrected through the error analysis method proposed in the present work. Meanwhile, the errors due to the WIDIM algorithm and the wall offset uncertainty contribute to the measurement uncertainty. Computational fluid dynamics-based synthetic particle flows were generated to verify the newly developed PIV data processing procedure and the corresponding error analysis method. Results showed that the data processing method could improve the accuracy of PIV measurements for boundary layer flows with high curvature and acceleration and even with significant flow separation bubbles. Finally, the data processing method is also applied in a PIV experiment to investigate the boundary layer flows around a compressor blade leading edge, and several credible boundary flow parameters were obtained.     

A physically-based representative stress methodology for predicting stress rupture life of Ni-based DS superalloy

Smooth and three types of U-shape single-edge notched plate specimens adopted to experimentally investigate stress rupture behavior of Ni-based Directionally Solidified (DS) superalloy at 850 °C exhibit notch weakening effect and multi-source cracking initiation near the notch root. However, stress rupture behavior of smooth and V-shape notched round bars at 1040 °C revealed by Li et al indicates notch strengthening effect and creep micro-holes originating mostly from the central portion. A combined creep-viscoplastic constitutive model is employed to analyze the distribution of stress, strain and stress Triaxial Factor (TF) near the notch root. The different stress distribution and creep restraint between asymmetric notched plate specimens and symmetric notched round bars are the main reasons for the corresponding failure mechanism. Meanwhile, a good qualitative relationship exists between TF value and stress rupture life of notched specimen. Especially, the area with maximum TF value (TF_max) is highly consistent with creep damage initiation region. Hence, based on the distribution characteristics of the initial tensile loading, a representative stress method independent of time -changing creep load at the location of TF_max is conducted for life prediction. The predicted results of both smooth and notched plate specimens and round bars agrees well with the experimental results.