气动参数对后台阶三维缝隙气膜冷却效率的影响

针对涡轮叶片尾缘冷却结构特点,建立了后台阶三维缝隙结构气膜冷却特性试验台,测量了缝隙中心和肋中心下游气膜冷却效率的局部分布,研究了气动参数变化对冷却效率的影响,其中基于缝高的二次流雷诺数变化范围是5 000～15 000,吹风比变化范围是0.5～2.0。试验结果表明:（1）二次流雷诺数对下游冷却效率的影响较小,对三维掺混区域的范围影响也不大;（2）吹风比对冷却效率有较大影响,总体上冷却效率随吹风比增大而降低;（3）吹风比对三维掺混区的范围及三维掺混的特征均有较大影响,吹风比较低时,二次流向两侧肋后区域的流动扩散性较好,有利于提高整个被保护面的冷却效率,吹风比较高时,二次流向两侧肋后区域的流动扩散性较差,造成肋后区域冷却效率较低。      

叶片前缘高精度重建方法研究

叶片前后缘的形状对发动机的气动性能有非常重要的影响。对叶片前后缘的精确建模是高质量加工的前提。现有的叶片前缘大多为圆弧或椭圆弧。为了实现精确建模,本文首先运用一种基于带约束的最小二乘方法对数据点进行拟合,然后用拟合的结果作为初值,根据椭圆的极线性质进行更精确地求解。实例表明本文的方法在对椭圆弧的拟合中具有比Fitzgibbon方法更好的鲁棒性及更高的精确度。在重建前缘时,一些事先难以排除的出格点极大地影响了拟合精度,鉴于本文方法具有较好的鲁棒性,本文提出了以前缘点为中心,对于逐次增加数据点多次运用本文的拟合方法,最终排除出格点的方案。数据实验验证了这一方案的有效性。总之,本文提出的拟合方法非常适合于在逆向工程中对叶片前缘的重建。      

尾缘修形的二元喷管内外流场数值研究

针对美国第四代战斗机F-22在二元收-扩喷管设计应用上的特点,利用时间推进的有限体积法对二元喷管尾缘修形前后非矢量状态下的内外流混合流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:二元喷管出口尾缘修形使得喷管出口下游流场中出现了很强的流向涡,能够促进内外流的强化混合,对缩短高温核心区、加快尾喷流沿流向的温度衰减有明显效果,对抑制尾喷流的红外辐射有一定好处。      

带有前缘气膜冷却燃气轮机叶片的气热耦合研究(英文)

使用气热耦合数值计算方法对带有"淋浴喷头"式前缘气膜冷却的C3X燃气轮机叶片进行数值模拟。通过对使用不同湍流模型的计算结果与实验测量值进行对比,使用转捩模型能够比较准确的模拟带有气膜冷却射流的边界层内的流动和传热过程。气膜冷却射流在叶片吸力面上游层流边界层区域内表现出比较明显的三维湍流特性,但在吸力面下游边界层转捩为湍流以后,湍流使得气膜冷却射流与主流燃气掺混过程加速而使其三维流动特性迅速消失;在吸力面由于边界层流动始终为层流状态,冷却射流与主流掺混较缓慢而使其仍能保持较强的三维湍流特性。边界层内由高温燃气与被冷却叶片之间温度差形成的温度梯度有益于增强边界层流动的稳定性。     

翼型后缘厚度对气动性能影响的数值分析

在研究DU系列翼型的空气动力特性时,发现DU97-W-300翼型的升阻力随时间变化。通过对比多种攻角和多种后缘厚度下的升阻力随时间变化曲线,发现该现象与边界层分离有关,而且后缘厚度对边界层分离有重要影响。最后得出结论:翼型后缘厚度存在一个临界值,当后缘厚度大于临界值时,受力不稳定,小于它时受力稳定。     

Flow Field Investigation in a Trapezoidal Duct with Swirl Flow Induced by Impingement Jets

An enlarged model of trapezoidal duct near the leading-edge in the blade is built up. The effects of impingement jets, swirl flow, cross flow and effusion flow are considered. Experiments are performed to measure flow fields in this confined passage and exit holes on one of its side walls. Cross flow and effusion flow are induced in the channel by the outflow of side exit hole (SEH) and film cooling hole (FCH), which are oriented on one end wall and bottom wall of the passage. Detailed flow structures are measured for two impingement angles of 35° and 45° with 6 combinations of outflow ratios. Results show that the small jets impinge the target wall effectively while the large jets contribute to inducing and impelling a strong counter-clockwise vortex in the upper part of the passage. Cross flow plays a dominate role for the flow structures in the passage and exit holes. It deflects jets, enhances swirl and deteriorates side exit conditions. Impingement angle is another significant factor for the flow characteristics. Its effect reveals more evidently with cross flow. Within the present test conditions, the mass flow rates and outflow positions of FCHs have no distinct effect on the main flow structures.     

Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity

Micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the potential to revolutionize our sensing and information gathering capabilities in areas such as environmental monitoring and homeland security. Flapping wings with suitable wing kinematics, wing shapes, and flexible structures can enhance lift as well as thrust by exploiting large-scale vortical flow structures under various conditions. However, the scaling invariance of both fluid dynamics and structural dynamics as the size changes is fundamentally difficult. The focus of this review is to assess the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation. While in classical stationary wing theory, the tip vortices (TiVs) are seen as wasted energy, in flapping flight, they can interact with the LEV to enhance lift without increasing the power requirements. Surrogate modeling techniques can assess the aerodynamic outcomes between two- and three-dimensional wing. The combined effect of the TiVs, the LEV, and jet can improve the aerodynamics of a flapping wing. Regarding aeroelasticity, chordwise flexibility in the forward flight can substantially adjust the projected area normal to the flight trajectory via shape deformation, hence redistributing thrust and lift. Spanwise flexibility in the forward flight creates shape deformation from the wing root to the wing tip resulting in varied phase shift and effective angle of attack distribution along the wing span. Numerous open issues in flapping wing aerodynamics are highlighted.     

超临界翼型尾缘噪声影响因素研究

使用大涡模拟(LES)和FW-H相结合的方法对超临界翼型尾缘噪声进行了研究。针对超临界翼型后缘的不同设计参数(后缘厚度、后缘角和几何形状)对尾缘噪声的影响,使用ANSYS FLUENT的LES湍流模型计算声源,采用FW-H积分方法求解远场噪声总声压级。首先完成二维非定常流圆柱绕流的流场及其噪声的验证计算,计算结果与实验值符合,证明了求解器设置和网格生成的合理性。然后基于此正确的求解器设置和网格生成,使用LES/FWH对比了典型超临界翼型的不同后缘设计参数对远场总声压级的影响,所得结论对低噪声超临界翼型优化设计有参考意义,同时为进一步的噪声控制优化设计提供了基础。     

复合材料布带缠绕智能纠偏控制技术

智能纠偏是复合材料缠绕成型的关键技术之一,其焦点问题是如何实现布带跑偏量的精确检测控制.在分析布带跑偏机理及纠偏可行性的基础上,针对布带跑偏量检测问题,提出了基于线阵电荷耦合(CCD)的布带边缘检测方法,并对其检测原理进行了分析.在此基础上,建立了智能纠偏控制系统的数学模型,分析了系统的稳定性,并采用Fuzzy-PID...     

基于提升小波和形态学的图像边缘检测算法

基于提升小波变换和形态学的基本理论,提出了一种提升小波和形态学相结合的图像边缘检测算法,算法充分利用了提升小波变换相对于传统小波变换快速而有效的完成小波分解和重构的算法优势。形态学运算在图像处理中具有独特的优势,利用其对图像膨胀和腐蚀的差运算来获取图像的边缘,取得了很好的效果。实验结果表明,算法边缘定位准确,抗噪能力强,检测出的图像边缘连续、平滑,是一种有效的边缘检测方法。