HDI三聚体和偶联剂对纸质文物加固保护的研究

用传统的高分子树脂对纸质文物进行加固保护取得了一定的效果，但由于高分子树脂的渗透、润湿性能较差，容易增加纸张光泽；会产生内应力加速纸张老化等问题。针对这个问题，本文研究了一种纸质文物加固保护的新方法，采用低分子预聚物HDI三聚体对纸张聚氨酯化，并用偶联剂KH-550协同处理。通过正交试验分析了处理工艺中各种因素对纸张拉伸干强度的影响；并通过对拉伸湿强度、光泽度的测试和酸碱加速老化、干热加速老化等试验验证了HDI三聚体和KH-550对纸质文物的加固保护作用，并用DSC和扫描电镜进行了分析。试验表明，这种处理方法在保护纸张原有质感的同时提高了纸张强度，降低了纸纤维的吸湿性，有效地减缓了纸张的老化降解。     

Multi-objective optimization of frequency and damping of vertical stabilizer skin structure placed with variable-angle tows

The vibration characteristics of composite vertical stabilizer skin structures play a critical role in damping effects designed for overcoming the air disturbances experienced by aircraft structural components during flight. The first-order fundamental frequencies and their corresponding damping characteristics of the vertical stabilizer skin structure tow-steered by automatic fiber placement technique were optimized with the parameterized trajectories and plies as design variables. Firstly, the vibration and damping numerical models were derived based on Kirchhoff laminate theory, the Rayleigh-Ritz method, and the Strain Energy Method. Then the optimization model was developed by adopting the self-adaptive Differential Evolution Multi-objective optimization algorithm and incorporating the solution method of Pareto Front. The constraints of this optimization model considered the experimentally obtained minimum turning radius of prepregs tow-steered in automatic fiber placement process obtained from experimental tests. Finally, the comparison of numerical simulation results was conducted for the optimized trajectories and the conventional straight trajectories under various boundary conditions, and the numerical results were partially validated through damping and frequency tests. The results indicate the vibration characteristics of the composite vertical stabilizer skin structure can be enhanced to a large extent by optimizing fiber trajectories, and the enhancement percentage is affected by the boundary conditions of the actual structure.     

Geometry and size optimization of stiffener layout for three-dimensional box structures with maximization of natural frequencies

Based on the growth mechanism of natural biological branching systems and inspiration from the morphology of plant root tips, a bionic design method called Improved Adaptive Growth Method (IAGM) has been proposed in the authors’ previous research and successfully applied to the reinforcement optimization of three-dimensional box structures with respect to natural frequencies. However, as a kind of ground structure methods, the final layout patterns of stiffeners obtained by using the IAGM are highly subjected to their ground structures, which restricts the optimization effect and freedom to further improve the dynamic performance of structures. To solve this problem, a novel post-processing geometry and size optimization approach is proposed in this article. This method takes the former layout optimization result as start, and iteratively finds the optimal layout angles, locations, and lengths of stiffeners with a few design variables by optimizing the positions of some specific node lines called active node lines. At the same time, thicknesses of stiffeners are also optimized to further improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures. Using this method, stiffeners can be successfully separated from their ground structures and further effectively improve natural frequencies of three-dimensional box structures with less material consumption. Typical numerical examples are illustrated to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the suggested method.     

Variational Bayesian Kalman filter using natural gradient

We propose a technique based on the natural gradient method for variational lower bound maximization for a variational Bayesian Kalman filter. The natural gradient approach is applied to the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the parameterized variational distribution and the posterior density of interest. Using a Gaussian assumption for the parametrized variational distribution, we obtain a closed-form iterative procedure for the Kullback-Leibler divergence minimization, producing estimates of...     

各级差异化多级刷式密封级间压降均衡性数值与实验研究

分析多级刷式密封级间压降分配特性理论,提出新型各级差异化多级刷式密封结构,基于流固耦合方法建立新型多级刷式密封三维实体计算模型,设计搭建新型多级刷式密封泄漏流动特性实验装置,数值与实验研究在不同工况条件下,结构参数对新型结构多级刷式密封级间压降均衡性和泄漏特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：传统结构多级刷式密封各级级间压降占比均衡性标准差为8.41,新型结构各级级间压降占比均衡性标准差最大为4.69,最小为2.07。相较传统各级相同结构,增大下游级有效流通面积的新型各级差异化多级刷式密封可有效改善级间压降的不均衡性。提高后挡板保护高度使得新型结构各级级间压降占比均衡性标准差最小,各级级间压降占比较接近,可明显改善新型结构多级刷式密封级间压降均衡性。减少刷丝束厚度和增大刷丝束与转子面间隙使新型结构多级刷式密封的泄漏量增大明显。     

涡轮机匣热辐射-对流耦合换热特性数值计算与实验测试

开展了整环机匣的热辐射-对流耦合计算,获得了综合传热系数拟合关系式,并进行了实验测试验证。研究发现：封闭腔内,热辐射的存在大幅强化了壁面换热,辐射热流占总换热量比值可达90%以上。在3层机匣结构中,当发射率在0.3~0.8变化时,机匣沿径向方向上的温度梯度减小,主流区域的对流换热得到加强,半封闭区域对流强度降低。发射率为0.8时,外机匣流体侧壁面的辐射热流占总换热量的33.3%。     

弹射动力系统燃气发生器流热固耦合数值研究

为了判断弹射动力系统燃气发生器工作的安全性,需要预示工作过程中燃气发生器壳体的力学响应。基于软件CFX和ANSYS,建立了燃气发生器复合结构流热固耦合仿真模型。对燃气发生器内流场和结构温度场进行流热耦合计算,并将壳体温度场计算结果与试验数据进行对比,再将算得的燃气压强分布与结构温度场分布导入ANSYS以计算结构的力学响应。计算结果表明,燃气发生器工作过程中,直筒段最高温度点位于直筒段与后封头连接的绝热层缝隙处,后封头最高温度点位于后封头与喉衬配合部位的上游端。结构最高温度值仅354K,说明热防护良好;直筒段和后封头壳体主体区域应力安全系数>3,满足设计要求,而在法兰附近圆角过渡处外壁存在应力集中,最大应力处安全系数降为1.13,燃气发生器壳体仍处于安全状态,但存在安全裕度显著降低的风险。     

考虑性能及成本的固体火箭发动机多学科设计优化

为综合考虑固体火箭发动机的燃烧室、药柱、内弹道、喷管及成本等学科影响,梳理学科间耦合关系,并建立了以总冲最大、成本最小为优化目标的固体火箭发动机多学科设计优化（MDO）模型。为降低MDO问题的计算成本,提出一种基于Kriging代理模型的多目标自适应优化方法（KRG-MAOM）。优化过程中,分别对目标与约束构建Kriging模型,并采用多目标优化算法求解,在伪Pareto解中综合考虑支配关系与分布特性选取新增样本点,引导优化快速收敛。算例结果表明,KRG-MAOM算法在全局收敛性与优化效率方面具有显著优势。最后,采用KRG-MAOM算法求解该MDO问题,得到可行的Pareto解集方案,与初始方案相比,同性能情况下成本节省约3.36%;同成本情况下性能提升约10.93%,从而验证MDO模型合理性与KRG-MAOM算法有效性。     

基于优先级调配的进离场航班序列动态优化

以可变的优先级作为调配手段,针对航班的进离场序列建立了一种动态优化模型.首先,根据不同进离场阶段的航空器燃油消耗率和安全系数,进行航班初始优先级分配;然后,考虑机场的空中等待航班数量、空域容量、场面容量以及机场的起飞需求,对航班优先级进行二次调配.以总耗油量为目标函数,引入合作型协同进化遗传算法,设计了令一对代表个体形成合作团体的新的代表个体选择方案,改善传统遗传算法中存在的种群多样性低、易早熟等问题.仿真结果表明,在机场容量限制下,该模型仍可以实现流量的动态调配,并有效降低燃油消耗,缓解机场空域及场面的运行压力.     

直9直升机机载数据传输电缆电磁耦合分析

通过对数据传输电缆的仿真分析计算,得到了传输信号频率、电缆回路之间的距离与电磁耦合之间的关系.对于直9系列直升机中数据传输电缆的物理模型计算结果表明,感应电压会在传输频率为75MHz时达到最大值,线间距离为1.5mm时具有最小值.分析结果为直9系列直升机/飞机机载数据电缆的布线优化和电磁兼容改进设计提供一定参考依据.