AZ31镁合金板热成形中的屈服和损伤:本构实现与数值分析

为了准确预测各向异性镁合金板的成形质量,将改进的GTN损伤模型与各向异性拉压不对称的CPB06屈服本构耦合,并考虑了屈服面形状随塑性应变累积的变化,得到了考虑本构参数随塑性应变演化的各向异性屈服CPB06-GTN损伤模型。基于该模型,在ABAQUS/Explict中编译得到了相应的VUMAT子程序,采用单个单元进行了单轴拉伸和压缩模拟,并通过与实验一致性对比验证了子程序的正确性。使用子程序不仅能够模拟镁合金的各向异性屈服及其不规则的硬化,同时也能够模拟镁合金的损伤破坏。此外,采用编写的子程序进行了热拉深成形的数值模拟,模拟预测与实验结果对比表明,采用各向异性损伤模型的计算结果能够准确预测镁合金的变形及其损伤破坏,模拟结果与实验数据吻合;采用合适的压边力和成形的温度条件及非等温成形方法能够提高镁合金的成形性。     

喷管间距对双喷流啸音影响的实验

实验详细测量了完全膨胀马赫数范围为110~160、喷管间距为16到32倍喷管出口直径的超声速双喷流近声场,分析了两个喷流各自发出的啸音在近声场的相位关系,研究了喷管间距对双喷流耦合的影响。结果表明:对比单喷流,双喷流耦合啸音在A模态时,呈现出反对称或对称模式,在反对称模式下,喷管中间区域啸音强度减小,对称模式下,双喷流中间区域啸音强度略大于单喷流啸音;B模态时,两个处于摆动模态的喷流啸音在喷管中间区域同相而发生耦合,极大地增强了B模态的幅值,达到160dB;C模态的相位关系还需进一步研究。对比不同喷管间距下的双喷流近声场,发现喷管间距过小或过大均不利于B模态的耦合;喷管间距对C模态影响最大,当喷管间距变大时,C模态幅值及主导马赫数范围均增大。      

Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

射流管伺服阀前置级压力特性

为分析射流管伺服阀射流管喷嘴高压射流区的特性,建立了射流管伺服阀前置级数学模型,得到了射流管偏移值、射流管喷嘴半径和接收孔半径对接收器压力分布、喷嘴出口流速及接收器的左右孔恢复压力的影响规律.流场分析发现射流管喷嘴的高速射流出口处容易产生旋涡,且存在环状负压效应.结果表明:高压射流状态下,射流管喷嘴半径增大,恢复压力增加;接收孔半径增大,恢复压力降低.接收孔半径与射流管喷嘴半径之比的最佳取值区间为[1.3,1.5].当射流管偏移值增大时,在偏移值增大一侧,射流管与接收孔之间的有效流体接收面积增大,射流管与接收孔之间的流体旋涡扩大,内部流场环状负压效应增加,接收孔恢复压力降低.      

基于动力学递推算法的绳系卫星系统刚柔耦合多体模型

利用动力学递推算法建立了空间绳系卫星系统(TSS)的铰接柔性杆动力学模型.所研究的绳系系统包含两颗刚体绳端卫星和一段连接两颗卫星的柔绳,柔绳离散为一系列球铰连接的弹性杆,考虑杆不均匀的纵向一维形变,并利用球铰的运动模拟柔绳的弯曲和扭转;然后基于递推算法推导得出了该刚柔混合离散模型的动力学方程.数值仿真结果表明:所建立的绳系卫星系统模型能够很好地模拟空间系绳的各向摆振和扭转,此外,递推算法的引入能够有效地减少离散模型动力学方程的维数,从而大幅减少计算量.      

基于“以证代考”模式的高职涉外旅游专业人才核心能力培养探析

改革传统的教学评价手段,注重实操,减少笔试是高职院校一系列教学改革中的重要环节。＂以证代考＂是一种强调实操,体现实际能力的考核方式。本文以导游证为例,在设计、实施、促进能力培养的效果和存在问题等方面做一些探讨。     

United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)

The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort.     

Self-perspiration garment for extravehicular activity improves skin cooling effects without raising humidity

Introduction

The current U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) suit in space includes liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) to control thermal condition. Tubes knitted in LCVG for flowing water interrupt evaporation of perspiration, and astronauts feel discomfort. In the present study, we hypothesized that a self-perspiration garment would effectively lower the skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. Thus, we developed and examined the effects of the garment.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were studied with a cyclic ergometer of 30, 60 90 and 120 W loading for 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three types of garments i.e., a spandex wear without any cooling device (Normal), a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG) or the spandex wear knitted a vinyl tube for flowing water, and the spandex wear with a tube, which flows water and self-perspiration with oozing water for evaporative cooling (SPEC).

Results

All measurements were reached to steady state 2–3 min after the setting. The s-LCVG decreased skin temperature 0.39±0.14 °C during 12 min of cooling. With SPEC, skin temperature did not decrease significantly until 6–9 min after starting the cooling. However, the temperature decreased rapidly and significantly after that, and finally decreased 1.59±0.32 °C. Humidity in the SPEC was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.

Discussion

SPEC was effective for lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The concept is expected to use as a better cooling system during EVA.     

改进高职英语听力教学的策略--兼评2005年6月高等学校英语应用能力听力部分考试

基于2005年6月湖南地区进行的高等学校英语应用能力考试听力理解部分试卷和答卷情况的深入分析,结合实际,讨论反映在教学中的主要问题,并提出如何改进听力理解教学工作的建议。     

火箭发动机气体-颗粒两相流双流体模型研究

探讨了两相流双流体模型中颗粒相压强、两相界面压强以及两相界面速度等若干关键问题,从理论上推导了双流体模型的控制方程,并讨论了颗粒相控制方程的双曲性.把LU隐式时间格式和Van-Leer矢通量分裂格式应用到两相流双流体模型中,并对一维等截面传热摩擦管道和轴对称JPL喷管中气固两相流进行了计算,计算结果与文献结果吻合良好,所建数学模型正确,所用数值计算方法可靠.