Studies of strong gravitational fields near super-massive black hole horizons with space missions

General relativity (GR) can be probed by several tests in the weak gravitational field limit. On the contrary, very poor information exists about GR tests in strong gravitational fields. Here, we focus on the interaction of light rays with the strong gravitational field of a massive black hole and show that relativistic images may form. Hence, we calculate the shapes of shadows (mirages) forming just near BH horizons and discuss the possibility to estimate the black hole parameters (mass, spin and charge) by future astrometric missions. In 2007, the Radioastron space telescope will be launched and it will allow to evaluate those parameters for the black hole hosted at the center of our Galaxy.     

移动质心再入飞行器建模及自抗扰滚动控制

基于移动质心滚动控制方案,研究了其动力学系统建模和非线性耦合系统控制的问题。不同于移动质心控制系统建模中常用的牛顿力学建模和常规拉格朗日建模法,采用准坐标形式的拉格朗日法建立了完整的系统动力学方程,避免了牛顿力学中复杂的相互作用力分析和常规拉格朗日建模法物理意义不明确的缺点。鉴于移动质心滚动控制系统的非线性、耦合性和时变性,提出把系统的非线性耦合项和外部干扰统归为未知扰动,并采用自抗扰控制(ADRC)技术进行估计和补偿,相对于常用的比例微分(PD)控制,自抗扰控制器能更好地适应系统参数的变化,具有很强的鲁棒性。最后,通过数学仿真验证了整个控制方案的可行性。     

Hybrid calibration method for six-component force/torque transducers of wind tunnel balance based on support vector machines

A hybrid calibration approach based on support vector machines (SVM) is proposed to characterize nonlinear cross coupling of multi-dimensional transducer. It is difficult to identify these unknown nonlinearities and crosstalk just with a single conventional calibration approach. In this paper, a hybrid model comprising calibration matrix and SVM model for calibrating linearity and nonlinearity respectively is built up. The calibration matrix is determined by linear artificial neural network (ANN), and the SVM is used to compensate for the nonlinear cross coupling among each dimension. A simulation of the calibration of a multi-dimensional sensor is conducted by the SVM hybrid calibration method, which is then utilized to calibrate a six-component force/torque transducer of wind tunnel balance. From the calibrating results, it can be indicated that the SVM hybrid calibration method has improved the calibration accuracy significantly without increasing data samples, compared with calibration matrix. Moreover, with the calibration matrix, the hybrid model can provide a basis for the design of transducers.     

高重合度外啮合齿轮齿根弯曲应力计算方法

针对高重合度外啮合直齿圆柱齿轮副,对其齿根弯曲应力计算方法进行了研究.计算了高重合度齿轮的轮齿变形和刚度,对单个轮齿承受的载荷进行了研究,给出了高重合度齿轮齿间载荷分配率的定义和计算方法.以高重合度齿轮的双齿啮合界点作为计算载荷的加载点,给出了高重合度齿轮齿根过渡曲线30°切线位置危险截面的双齿啮合区界点的齿形系数和应力集中系数计算方法,获得了齿根危险截面弯曲应力的计算公式;采用CL 100齿轮试验机,设计了不同重合度的外啮合齿轮副,测量了其齿根的弯曲应力数值,试验结果表明:在高载荷下主动轮的齿根弯曲应力理论计算误差小于7.85%,从动轮的计算误差小于9.8%;低载荷下主动轮的齿根弯曲应力理论计算误差小于24.1%,从动轮的计算误差小于19%.      

襟翼热力耦合试验方法及有限元模拟研究

设计了热力耦合试验装置对襟翼进行试验研究。采用石英灯管加热器加热,实现了高温力载荷的施加和高温条件下位移的测量。通过有限元方法进行等效热力耦合模拟计算,结果发现试验的位移数据和有限元计算位移结果吻合较好,说明本文设计的热力耦合试验方法可靠,高温条件下力载荷施加及位移测量方法合理可行。     

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.     

航天器舱体热密封结构多物理场耦合数值分析方法研究

综合考虑航天器舱体外围高超声速流动、密封带及舱体结构传热以及密封结构内部的空腔流动传热,提出航天器高温热密封结构的瞬态多物理场耦合分析方法。利用改进型Van Driest变换方法进行高超声速流动环境预测,基于高斯－赛德尔分块迭代耦合方法完成一体化耦合计算方法。采用包含不同材料结构部件的复合结构,计算了0～200 s内有无密封塞两种情况下的各部分结构的瞬态热传导过程。结果表明,密封塞的使用可显著降低空腔内的最高温度,瞬态变化情况的考虑更加准确地反映了各部分结构部件及内部空腔的温度变化情况。该文的计算方法可广泛应用于航天器热密封结构的传热特性分析,可为火箭等航天器上的高温密封部件设计提供有效的数值分析工具。     

应用FLOQUET理论分析直升机旋翼-机身耦合动不稳定性

本文详细论述了求解周期系数微分方程的Floquet理论及其在直升机旋翼-机身耦合动不稳定性分析中的应用,建立了一套实用的计算方法。这种计算方法,不仅可以分析旋翼特性各向同性的情况,还可以分析旋翼特性各向异性的情况,尤其对于旋翼特性各向异性情况下的旋翼-机身耦合动不稳定性的分析,该计算方法是目前最为有效和可靠的方法。本文给出了旋翼特性各向同性和各向异性情况下直升机旋翼-机身耦合动不稳定性算例计算结果,分析了一个减摆器失效和减摆器阻尼特性存在差异度情况下的耦合系统的动不稳定性,并得出明确的结论。     

Hemisphere-coupled modeling of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), which have tilted frontal structures in the midlatitude ionosphere, are investigated by the midlatitude ionosphere electrodynamics coupling (MIECO) model in this study. It has been proposed that the electrodynamic coupling between the E and F regions plays an important role in generating MSTIDs within a few hours. An intriguing aspect of MSTIDs is that they were simultaneously observed at magnetic conjugate locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In order to study the hemisphere-coupled electrodynamics, the MIECO model has been upgraded to consist of two simulation domains for both hemispheres in which the electrostatic potential is solved by considering electrodynamics in both hemispheres. The simultaneous occurrence of MSTIDs at the magnetic conjugate stations has clearly been reproduced when the F-region neutral wind satisfies the unstable condition in both hemispheres and a sporadic-E layer is given only at the Northern (summer) Hemisphere. Even if the unstable condition is satisfied in the summer hemisphere, an unfavorable F-region neutral wind in the winter hemisphere largely suppresses the growth of MSTIDs in both hemispheres.     

小卫星声-振联合试验耦合响应分析及预估

卫星在主动段承受发动机脉动推力和气动噪声激励复合作用下的振动环境。以整星模型为试验对象,分别开展了卫星的振动台随机振动试验、噪声试验和声-振联合试验。对3组试验结果的对比分析发现,声-振联合试验中,基础激励和噪声激励对不同结构处响应在低频段和中高频段具有不同的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了一种工程应用方法,即用振动台试验和噪声试验的响应极值包络法以及线性叠加法以预示声-振联合试验的响应。