A forced ignition probability analysis method using kernel formation analysis with turbulent transport and Lagrangian flame particle tracking

A forced ignition probability analysis method is developed for turbulent combustion, in which kernel formation is analyzed with local kernel formation criteria, and flame propagation and stabilization are simulated with Lagrangian flame particle tracking. For kernel formation, the effect of turbulent scalar transport on flammability is modelled through the incorporation of turbulence-induced diffusion in a spherically outwardly propagating flame kernel model. The dependence of flammability limits on turbulent intensities is tabulated and serves as the flammability criterion for kernel formation. For Lagrangian flame particle tracking, flame particles are tracked in a structured grid with flow fields being interpolated from a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution. The particle velocity follows a Langevin model consisting of a linear drift and an isotropic diffusion term. The Karlovitz number is employed for the extinction criterion, which compares chemical and turbulent timescales. The integration of the above two-step analysis approach with non-reacting CFD is achieved through a general interpolation interface suitable for general unstructured CFD grids. The method is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame, in which flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics are extracted from a non-reacting simulation. Results show that the computed ignition probability map agrees qualitatively with experimental results. A reduction of the ignition probability in the recirculation zone and a high ignition probability on the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface are well captured. The tools can facilitate optimization of spark placement and offer insights into ignition processes.     

一种基于最大修正峰度的ISAR距离对准算法

距离对准是逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)运动补偿的关键。本文提出了一种基于修正峰度的ISAR距离对准算法。首先对应用于离散信号序列的峰度定义进行了修正,然后以修正峰度衡量回波包络之间的对准程度,对距离偏移量进行搜索。当两回波和包络的修正峰度达到最大时,以此时的距离偏移量进行补偿,就可将回波对齐。分析表明该算法具有良好的抗闪烁性能和抗噪性能。实测ISAR数据验证了算法的有效性。结果表明,基于最大修正峰度的距离对准算法可以准确地估计出回波的距离偏移量,实现距离对准。     

充气机翼承载能力和气动特性分析

应用结构力学和材料力学的相关理论分析了一种充气机翼的承载能力,基于充气机翼特性和工程要求分析,确定了充气机翼失效的条件,建立了充气机翼弯曲变形的力学模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的合理性;然后,利用FLUENT 6.3对该种充气机翼翼型进行了气动特性仿真分析,并与相应的标准翼型进行了对比.最后,将三维充气机翼的气动载荷仿真数据导入Patran,对充气机翼在飞行状态下的应力和变形进行了有限元分析.      

The effects of CO2 on growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus) in hypobaria

Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but the effects of pCO₂ at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO₂ on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO₂ assimilation rates (C_A), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO₂ (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO₂ enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO₂ (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO₂). Increasing the pCO₂ from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO₂ (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO₂ although at high levels leaf damage may occur.     

Transient outburst mechanisms in Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients

The recent discovery of a new class of recurrent and fast X-ray transient sources, the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients, poses interesting questions on the possible mechanisms responsible for their transient X-ray emission. The association with blue supergiants, the spectral properties similar to those of accreting pulsars and the detection, in a few cases, of X-ray pulsations, confirm that these transients are High Mass X-ray Binaries. I review the different mechanisms proposed to explain their transient outbursts and the link to persistent wind accretors. I discuss the different models in light of the new observational results coming from an on-going monitoring campaign of four Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients with Swift.     

基于谱分割的视频镜头聚类方法

针对现有镜头聚类算法中选择最优化分类个数复杂度较高、分类结果准确性较低的问题,提出了一种基于谱分割理论的镜头聚类算法.通过对每个镜头集构造球状高斯模型SGM(Spherical Gaussian Model),最优化地拟合镜头数据集,提高镜头分割的准确性;在镜头迭代分类过程中采用谱分割算法以提高最终分类结果的准确性;在迭代分类过程中,采用贝叶斯信息准则BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion)作为分类停止的评判标准;最后根据BIC准则计算每两类融合前后的匹配值,判断比较后对分类结果进行融合,矫正在分类过程中同一类被割裂的错误.通过3类体育视频样本对算法的有效性进行了验证、比较和分析.     

Stability and chaos of a damped satellite partially filled with liquid

The stability and chaotic motions of a damped satellite partially filled with liquid which is subjected to external disturbance are investigated in this paper. With linearization analysis, the stability of the two non-trivial equilibrium points is studied. The homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits are found by using the undetermined coefficient method, and the convergence of the series expansions of these two types of orbits is proved. It analytically demonstrates that there exist homoclinic orbits of the Si’lnikov type that join the two non-trivial equilibrium points to themselves, and therefore smale horseshoes and the horseshoe chaos occur for this system via the Si’lnikov criterion. In addition, there also exists a heteroclinic orbit connecting the two non-trivial equilibrium points. Numerical simulations are also given, which verify the analytical results. The system can be chaotic through period-doubling bifurcations as the amplitude of the external disturbance varies, and backward period-doubling bifurcations as the angular momentum of the rotor varies.     

成形极限预测韧性断裂准则及屈服准则的影响

将韧性断裂准则用于预测板材成形极限,通过数值模拟HS钢、IF钢和6111-T4铝合金3种板材在单向拉伸、平面应变和双向等拉等不同应变路径下的变形过程,获得试件中心区域主应变最大单元的应变历史,结合成形极限实验数据计算韧性断裂准则的材料常数;通过对接近平面应变变形路径下的模拟结果与实验获得的网格应变相比较分析了Hill48,Hill90和Barlat89 3种各向异性屈服准则对模拟获得的应变路径的影响.结果表明,Barlat89屈服准则可以较好地描述单元的应变路径;在此基础上比较了几种韧性断裂准则用于预测板材断裂成形极限的计算结果, Cockcroft-Latham准则和总塑性功准则的计算结果比较理想,材料常数的确定也较为简单.      

上下文无关文法测试充分性

讨论了文法测试的基本概念,分析了文法测试的特点、应用场景及其与一般软件测试的异同.形式化地定义了上下文无关文法的测试充分性准则,提出了一个上下文无关文法的测试充分性准则族.分析了该准则族中各准则之间的包含关系,以及这种包含关系与揭示文法所特有的2类缺陷的能力之间的关系. 计算和比较了准则族中各准则的测试集规模复杂性.为了评价文法的测试开销,定义了一个上下文无关文法的测试复杂性度量,该度量能够从测试充分性的角度反映测试一个文法的难易程度和测试开销的大小.