航空发动机涡轮叶片冷却气膜孔加工去除重熔层技术

为提高叶片工作时的冷却效果,叶片的气膜孔设计的越来越复杂,涡轮叶片的冷却气膜孔加工作为一项重要的技术至为关键。现有的条件下对气膜孔的加工进一步研究,基于挤压磨粒流加工理论,采用挤压磨粒流加工工艺试验方法,对叶片冷却气膜孔做控制磨粒流孔径增加量从而去除重熔层的实验。当磨粒流孔径伽．3增加量为0．04时,孔径蜘．5增加量为0．02时,就可消除重熔层的结果,说明了通过磨粒流去除重熔层和微裂纹具有非常满意的去除效果。     

开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划算法研究

为解决开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划问题,提出在前处理中将孔边界内外的曲面接合成完整曲面的方法,采用STL文件提取网格化曲面信息并重构开孔曲面拓扑,按照设定算法获得“连续”的铺放轨迹后,再按孔边对轨迹点进行信息整理得到后置处理所需的最终铺放轨迹点信息.研究了迭代法和投影法在轨迹线与孔边界交点的求取方法,综合比较2种算法的效率和精度后,发现投影法更适于开孔曲面的轨迹规划.根据上述算法,编写了基于VC++ 6.0平台的轨迹规划程序,以整体复合材料前机身为例进行算法验证,证明了提出的开孔曲面自动铺放轨迹规划算法的合理性和正确性.     

孔型对多孔平板气膜冷却效果的数值研究

本文从加强气膜孔内的换热量和热侧的气膜覆盖两个角度来提高气膜孔壁的冷却效果,数值计算结果表明收缩进气可以强化孔内的对流换热,一般可以使换热量提高0.7倍左右;扩张出气可以使冷气出口的速度降低,气膜覆盖面更广,提高气膜的覆盖效果。     

Multi-scale reconnections in a complex CME

A series of three flares of GOES class M, M and C, and a CME were observed on 20 January 2004 occurring in close succession in NOAA 10540. Types II, III, and N radio bursts were associated. We use the combined observations from TRACE, EIT, Hα images from Kwasan Observatory, MDI magnetograms, GOES, and radio observations from Culgoora and Wind/ WAVES to understand the complex development of this event. We reach three main conclusions. First, we link the first two impulsive flares to tether-cutting reconnections and the launch of the CME. This complex observation shows that impulsive quadrupolar flares can be eruptive. Second, we relate the last of the flares, an LDE, to the relaxation phase following forced reconnections between the erupting flux rope and neighbouring magnetic field lines, when reconnection reverses and restores some of the pre-eruption magnetic connectivities. Finally, we show that reconnection with the magnetic structure of a previous CME launched about 8 h earlier injects electrons into open field lines having a local dip and apex (located at about six solar radii height). This is observed as an N-burst at decametre radio wavelengths. The dipped shape of these field lines is due to large-scale magnetic reconnection between expanding magnetic loops and open field lines of a neighbouring streamer. This particular situation explains why this is the first N-burst ever observed at long radio wavelengths.     

In-Situ Solar Wind and Magnetic Field Signatures of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

The heliospheric counterparts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the Sun, interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), can be identified in situ based on a number of magnetic field, plasma, compositional and energetic particle signatures as well as combinations thereof. We summarize these signatures and their implications for understanding the nature of these structures and the physical properties of coronal mass ejections. We conclude that our understanding of ICMEs is far from complete and formulate several challenges that, if addressed, would substantially improve our knowledge of the relationship between CMEs at the Sun and in the heliosphere.     

Solar Wind Sources and Their Variations Over the Solar Cycle

In this paper I will briefly summarize the present status of our knowledge on the four different sorts of solar wind, their sources and their short- and long-term variations. First: the fast solar wind in high-speed streams that emerges from coronal hole regions. Second: the slow solar wind emerging from the non-active Sun near the global heliospheric current sheet above helmet streamers and underlying active regions. Third: the slow solar wind filling most of the heliosphere during high solar activity, emerging above active regions in a highly turbulent state, and fourth: the plasma expelled from the Sun during coronal mass ejections. The coronal sources of these different flows vary dramatically with the solar activity cycle.     

单排圆柱孔射流气膜加热与气膜冷却方式的对比

为了揭示气膜加热和气膜冷却两种方式在影响规律机制上的异同,通过数值计算研究了两种方式单排圆柱孔在典型吹风比下(0.5,1.0和1.5)的射流-主流相干特征,并分析了热气流-冷气流温度比变化对气膜绝热加热或冷却效率的影响。研究结果表明:在相同的吹风比下,在气膜加热方式下喷注射流向主流的穿透趋向更为显著,引起喷注射流抬离壁面并在气膜孔出口附近诱导出尺度更大的卵形涡对;当温度比接近于1时,气膜绝热加热效率与气膜绝热冷却效率差异较小,随着温度比偏离1的程度加剧,气膜绝热加热效率与气膜绝热冷却效率差异显著增大。     

扩展型面排孔气膜冷却的实验

设计了三种型面的气膜孔扩展结构,研究了气膜冷却效率、壁面换热系数及流量系数随吹风比的变化规律.研究结果表明,与典型的圆柱形气膜孔相比,有后向扩展型面的气膜孔具有相对较高的冷却效率和换热系数,流量系数略有降低.扩展型面的流向扩展角对冷却效率和换热系数的影响大于侧向扩展角的影响.侧向扩展角只在特定吹风比下才对提高气膜的侧向覆盖率、进而提高气膜冷却效率起作用,它使得位于二次流出流下游的低压区域范围增大,流量系数减小.      

Evidence for a Two-Stage Acceleration Process in Large Solar Energetic Particle Events

Using high-resolution mass spectrometers on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), we surveyed the event-averaged ∼0.1–60 MeV/nuc heavy ion elemental composition in 64 large solar energetic particle (LSEP) events of cycle 23. Our results show the following: (1) The Fe/O ratio decreases with increasing energy up to ∼10 MeV/nuc in ∼92% of the events and up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in ∼64% of the events. (2) The rare isotope ³He is greatly enhanced over the corona or the solar wind values in 46% of the events. (3) The heavy ion abundances are not systematically organized by the ion’s M/Q ratio when compared with the solar wind values. (4) Heavy ion abundances from C–Fe exhibit systematic M/Q-dependent enhancements that are remarkably similar to those seen in ³He-rich SEP events and CME-driven interplanetary (IP) shock events. Taken together, these results confirm the role of shocks in energizing particles up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in the majority of large SEP events of cycle 23, but also show that the seed population is not dominated by ions originating from the ambient corona or the thermal solar wind, as previously believed. Rather, it appears that the source material for CME-associated large SEP events originates predominantly from a suprathermal population with a heavy ion enrichment pattern that is organized according to the ion’s mass-per-charge ratio. These new results indicate that current LSEP models must include the routine production of this dynamic suprathermal seed population as a critical pre-cursor to the CME shock acceleration process.     

孔边角裂纹扩展特性分析

采用二维裂纹扩展分析方法研究含孔边角裂纹平板中疲劳裂纹扩展速率和寿命。该方法假设孔边角裂纹两个主方向上裂纹扩展主要取决于两方向裂纹尖端的应力强度因子。并采用裂纹闭合特性修正。预测在常幅拉伸疲劳载荷情况下２１２４Ｔ８５１铝合金板和３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＮ１２Ａ合金钢板中孔边角裂纹扩展速率和寿命。理论计算和实验结果较吻合。