镍基单晶冷却叶片高温持久性的理论与试验研究

采用含有0~4排气膜孔的薄壁平板试样模拟镍基单晶冷却叶片,研究了气膜孔排布对镍基单晶冷却叶片高温持久性的影响,并基于晶体塑性理论建立单晶材料蠕变数值计算模型,将其编入Abaqus用户子程序中,对不同气膜孔排布的薄壁平板试件进行有限元分析。试验结果表明,在气膜孔数相同的情况下,随着气膜孔排数的逐渐增多,冷却叶片高温持久寿命不断降低,且下降趋势逐渐加剧。文中提出了基于有限元数据的高温持久寿命预测幂函数模型,在对应孔排布、应力、温度条件下,其相对误差均小于3%,有限元分析得到的应力场分布结果与试样的断口形貌相吻合。     

离散孔结构超声速气膜冷却数值模拟

为了得到气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率的影响规律,并为工程应用提供参考,针对不同形状气膜入口结构的离散孔超声速气膜冷却展开了三维数值模拟。结果表明:气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率影响明显,轴对称孔入口收敛段结构的流量系数直接影响冷却效果,计算工况下流量系数降低013下游冷却效率约降低005,应该防止收敛段剧烈收缩;同时,离散孔扩张段面积变化速率越小越有利于冷却,变化过快会使得冷却剂得不到充分发展,垂直主流方向的速度分量大,使得气膜往两侧流动而中心区域冷却效果变差;在非轴对称离散孔出口增加平直段能使射流更集中,可以有效防止气膜在上游被穿透造成冷却恶化现象。      

Variation of Polar Coronal Hole Profiles with Solar Cycle

We compared the H I Lyα polar coronal hole profiles obtained during the three Spartan 201 flights (in 1993, 1994, and 1995) and during the more recent UVCS/SOHO mission. We found that at 2.1 R_⊙ there are no significant variations of the line shape over the several years of the descending phase of the solar cycle. However, there may be some evidence for the 1.8 R_⊙ profiles being broader towards solar minimum. The profiles at 2.1 R_⊙ are different from profiles obtained at 1.8 R_⊙; they have clearly narrower cores and wide wings. We fitted the profiles with single and/or multiple Gaussian functions and calculated their typical 1/e half widths. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparing Quiet Sun and Coronal Hole Regions with CDS/SOHO

Spectra from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on board SOHO are used to compare density and temperature in coronal hole and quiet Sun regions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Transition Between Fast and Slow Solar Wind from Composition Data

The transition between coronal hole associated fast solar wind and slow solar wind is studied using data from the high resolution mass spectrometer SWICS on ACE. We discuss the data in the framework of a recent theory about the global heliospheric magnetic field and conclude that the data are consistent with magnetic connections between field-lines in the fast and in the slow wind. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Search for Signatures of a Coronal Hole in Transition Region Lines Near Disk Center

The analysis of data taken by SUMER near disk center, where a small coronal hole is observed in EIT images, is performed. From the measurements of Doppler non-thermal velocities and intensities, we search for the diagnostics and the signature of small scale structures in the coronal hole using transition region lines. Transition region lines in the range of 7 × 10⁴ K to 2.5 × 10⁵ K have a non-thermal velocity excess of 4.0 to 5.5 km s^-1 relative to the contiguous quiet Sun. While the average intensity is lower in the coronal hole than in the quiet area, this result shows an increase of turbulence at the base of the high speed solar wind. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

EUV and Radio Observations of an Equatorial Coronal Hole

An equatorial coronal hole has been observed on 18 and 19 October 1996 with SOHO-CDS and with the Nancąy Radioheliograph (RH). The CDS EUV line intensities are used to determine the coronal hole Differential Emission Measure (DEM); in turn this is used to compute the radio brightness temperature T_b at the observed frequencies, leaving the coronal electron temperature and density as free parameters. EUV line intensities, calculated from the derived models, show a good agreement with EUV observations. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

主燃孔轴向位置对低压点火性能的影响

对回流燃烧室设计了两种主燃孔结构(交错射流和对齐射流),在不同压力条件下对不同主燃孔方案的回流燃烧室的点火性能进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:随着回流燃烧室进口空气压力的降低,点火边界的油气比先减小后升高,而对齐主燃孔的火焰筒方案的低压点火性能优于交错主燃孔.结合火焰筒冷态流场数值模拟和试验中观察到的点火现象进行对比分析,对齐主燃孔方案存在更大范围的回流区,其火焰筒头部参考速度较低.此方案有利于减弱火焰核心的淬熄概率,同时增强头部火焰燃烧的稳定性,从而改善了回流燃烧室的点火性能.      

结构因素对离心通风器性能影响的数值研究

在高转速下,航空发动机离心通风器内腔存在强烈的湍流流动,而稳定工作后通风器内腔中漩涡呈周期性产生和淹灭。小尺寸颗粒受流体微团湍流随机脉动的影响,产生相对于平均流的随机脉动运动。为了研究通风孔偏心距和辐板顶圆半径对通风器性能的影响,采用离散相模型(DPM)模拟通风器内颗粒的运动轨迹。并应用随机游走(DRW)模型模拟连续相湍流瞬时速度脉动对颗粒轨迹的影响,采用随机涡寿命模型确定随机追踪模型的积分时间。结果表明:辐板顶圆半径的增大有助于提高通风器的分离效率,同时也增大了腔内流通阻力;通风孔偏心距对减小通风阻力的作用明显,但降低了离心通风器的分离效率。     

复合材料开口缝合补强结构力学性能的实验研究

对复合材料开口缝合补强结构进行了实验研究,测试了不同缝合参数(针距、行距、边距、单重和双重缝合)补强的含孔复合材料层板的破坏强度,研究了孔边应力集中和缝合补强对强度、破坏应变等力学性能参数的影响,分析讨论了孔边及邻近区域应变集中及应变分布的规律,结合破坏断面分析,探讨了不同缝合参数对应变集中及破坏机理的影响,研究结果表明:孔口缝合补强后,层板破坏强度和孔边局部刚度均有增大趋势,孔边产生了"缺口强化"现象;与未缝合情况相比,孔边应变衰减范围基本相同,而应变衰减程度不同;缝合设计参数(针距、行距、边距等)不同,孔边拉、压应变的转换点的位置也不同;不同的针距、行距以及边距对孔边应变集中都有很大影响.