Segmentation of extreme ultraviolet solar images via multichannel fuzzy clustering

The study of the variability of the solar corona and the monitoring of its traditional regions (Coronal Holes, Quiet Sun and Active Regions) are of great importance in astrophysics as well as in view of the Space Weather and Space Climate applications. Here we propose a multichannel unsupervised spatially constrained fuzzy clustering algorithm that automatically segments EUV solar images into Coronal Holes, Quiet Sun and Active Regions. Fuzzy logic allows to manage the various noises present in the images and the imprecision in the definition of the above regions. The process is fast and automatic. It is applied to SoHO–EIT images taken from February 1997 till May 2005, i.e. along almost a full solar cycle. Results in terms of areas and intensity estimations are consistent with previous knowledge. The method reveal the rotational and other mid-term periodicities in the extracted time series across solar cycle 23. Further, such an approach paves the way to bridging observations between spatially resolved data from imaging telescopes and time series from radiometers. Time series resulting form the segmentation of EUV coronal images can indeed provide an essential component in the process of reconstructing the solar spectrum.     

The coronal dynamics imagers for the KuaFu mission

The Space Weather Explorer – KuaFu mission will provide simultaneous, long-term, and synoptic observations of the complete chain of disturbances from the solar atmosphere to the geospace. KuaFu-A (located at the L1 liberation point) includes Coronal Dynamics Imagers composed of a Lyman-α coronagraph (from 1.15 to 2.7 solar radii) and a white light coronagraph (out to 15 solar radii), in order to identify the initial sources of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their acceleration profiles. The difficulty of observing the lower corona should not be underestimated since instrumental stray light remains a critical issue in the visible because of the low contrast of the corona with respect to the Sun. Observing the corona in the Lyman-α line is a valid alternative to white light observations. This approach takes advantage of both the intrinsic higher contrast of the corona with respect to the solar disk in this line compared to the visible, and the absence of F-corona at 121.6 nm. Furthermore, it has been convincingly shown that the coronal structures seen in Lyman-α correspond to those seen in the visible and which result from Thomson scattering of the coronal ionized gas. This is because the plasma is still collisional in the lower corona so that the hydrogen neutral atoms are coupled to the protons. A classical, all-reflecting internally-occulted Lyot coronagraph is required so as to preserve the image quality down to the inner limit of the field-of-view. A narrow band interference filter located in a collimated beam allows isolating the Lyman-α line. The visible coronagraph will adopt the approach of a single instrument having a large field-of-view extending from 2.5 to 15 solar radii. Such a design is based on refractive externally-occulted coronagraphs built for recent past missions, essentially the LASCO-C2 and C3 instruments and the SECCHI/COR 2 of the STEREO mission, which is itself a combination of the C2 and C3 instruments.     

Coronal Heating: a Comparison of Ion-cyclotron and Gravity Damping Models

SOHO/UVCS data indicate that minor ions in the corona are heated more than hydrogen, and that coronal heating results in T_⊥ larger than T_‖. Analogous behavior has been known from in situ measurements in solar wind for many years. Here we compare and contrast two mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the above behavior: ion-cyclotron resonance and gravity damping. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of Polar and Equatorial Coronal Holes Observed by UVCS/SOHO: Geometry and Physical Properties

We analyzed UVCS/SOHO data and compared the H I Lyα (121.6 nm) and O VI (103.2 nm, 103.7 nm) emission in the polar and equatorial coronal holes. We found that the emission lines have similar characteristics in these two types of coronal holes. Both types show evidence for superradially diverging boundaries. The latitudinal distribution of the O VI line ratio may indicate that the equatorial coronal hole has O⁺⁵ outflow velocities lower than in the polar coronal holes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

UVCS/SOHO Observations of H I Lyman Alpha Line Profiles in Coronal Holes at Heliocentric Heights Above 3.0 R⊙

The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been used to measure spectral line profiles for H I Lyα in the south polar coronal hole at projected heliocentric heights from 3.5 to 6.0 R_⊙ during 1998 January 5–11. Observations from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ were made for comparison. The H I Lyα profile is the only one observable with UVCS above 3.5 R_⊙ in coronal holes. Within this region the outflowing coronal plasma becomes nearly collisionless and the ionization balance is believed to become frozen. In this paper, the 1/e half widths of the coronal velocity distributions are provided for the observed heights. The velocity distributions include all motions contributing to the velocities along the line of sight (LOS). The observations have been corrected for instrumental effects and interplanetary H I Lyα. The half widths were found to increase with projected heliographic height from 1.5 to 2.5 R_⊙ and decrease with height from 3.5 to 5 R_⊙. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

矩形截面电磁流量计分布权值研究与分析

电磁流量计广泛的应用在各种气体，液体等流量测量场合，权值函数表征了流体在管道横截面空间各位置上的流体速度对输出电压信号的相对作用，同时也对应了磁场分布的模型建立要求。本文对矩形和圆形截面的权值分布进行分析和性能比对，提出了对传统圆形结构的改进方向。     

飞机调压系统传递函数的建立及动态分析

本文说明如何建立飞机ＰＷＭ晶体管调压器的传递函数，包括：检比电路；调制、整形放大电路；功率放大电路及校正网络的传递函数。阐明了用实验法求取交流发电机的传递函数，及对飞机调压系统动态分析的基本方法。     

双栅极空气计数器系统参数优化设计方法

 基于金属材料微裂纹检测传感器系统放电脉冲的形成过程, 建立了离散化放电的数学模型, 提出了传感器系统参数优化设计的一种新方法。实验结果表明, 采用该理论设计的传感器系统参数, 避免了经验公式设计的片面性, 保证了传感器系统无损检测的可靠性和精确性。     

现代飞机交流电源系统的不中断供电技术

现代飞机上安装了大量的微处理机、计算机。由于电源之间正常转换而出现的电源短暂中断现象会对微处理机、计算机的工作产生干扰。研制不中断供电的电源系统已是刻不容缓的任务。本文讨论了电源正常转换时电源中断现象及原因。以现代大型飞机上的电源系统不中断供电技术为例,阐述消除电源中断的技术方案以及汇流条保护控制组件(BPCU),发电机控制组件(GCU)内有关不中断电源转换的逻辑。